Urinary Tract Stone Disease

Mr Nagaraja Rao is currently a Consultant Urological Surgeon at South Manchester University Hospital, an Honorary Consultant Urological Surgeon at Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, and a Consultant Urological Surgeon at BUPA Hospital, Manchester. He is also a President of the Eurolithiasis Society and a Member of Section Office at the European Association of Urology. Dr John Kavanagh is Principal Research Biochemist at the University of Manchester, UK and is well known in the field of urinary stones. Dr Glenn M. Preminger is Professor of Urologic Surgery at the Division of Urologic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. He specializes in the medical and surgical management of kidney stone disease and the use of shock wave lithotripsy, and minimally invasive treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate). He has conducted research in various aspects of urology, including minimally invasive treatments for urologic diseases, urinary tract obstructions, enlarged prostate, and renal and ureteral stones.

Basic sciences I:.- Epidemiology.- Genetics and Molecular Biology of Renal Stones.- Physico-Chemical Aspects of Uro-Crystallization and Stone Formation.- The Possible Roles of Inhibitors, Promoters and Macromolecules in the Formation of Calcium Kidney Stones.- Renal Cellular Dysfunction/Damage and the Formation of Kidney Stones.- Interaction of Stone Components with Cells and Tissues.- Randall’s Plaques.- Dietary Factors.- Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Stones.- Stone Diseases in Animals.- Pathogenesis of Stones: Summary of Current Concepts.- Basic sciences II:.- Calcium Metabolism and Hypercalciuria.- Vitamin D Metabolism and Stones.- Urinary Citrate and Citrate Metabolism.- Uric Acid Metabolism and Uric Acid Stones.- Oxalate Metabolism and the Primary Hyperoxalurias.- Cystinuria and Cystine Stones.- Urinary Infection and Struvite Stones.- Drug-Induced Renal Stones.- Endemic Bladder Stones.- Economic Implications of Medical and Surgical Management.- Basic sciences III:.- What Are Shock Waves?.- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotriptors.- Biological Effects Produced by High-Energy Shock Waves.- Intracoporeal Non-Laser Lithotripsy.- Laser Lithotripsy Physics.- Alternative Laser Energy Sources – Clinical Implications.- Diagnostic and labarotory methods:.- Imaging for Stones.- Urinary Stone Analysis.- Risk Indices.- Blood and Urinary Tests in Stone-Formers.- Crystallization and Other Studies.- Experimental Models for Investigation of Stone Disease.- Clinical Trials in Stone Disease.- Paediatric stone disease:.- Epidemiology of Pediatric Urolithiasis.- Metabolic Stone Disease in Children.- The Role of Minimally Invasive Techniques.- Surgical management I:.- Indications for Surgical Removal, Including Asymptomatic Stones.- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy:.- Extracarporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Stones.- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Ureteral Stones.- Surgical management II:.- Endoscopy:.- Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.- Ureteroscopy for Ureteric Stones.- Indications for and Technique of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Renal Stones.- Urolithiasis in Pregnancy.- Surgical Management of Urolithiasis in Transplanted Kidneys.- Stents and Stenting.- Flexible Ureterorenoscopy: Tips and Tricks.- Training Implications for Stone Management.- Surgical management III: Open surgery:.- Open Surgery to Remove Stones – When And How?.- Autotransplantation and Ureteric Replacement - In Whom and How?.- Liver and Renal Transplantation in Primary Hyperoxaluria.- Chemolytic Treatment of Patients with Urinary Tract Stones.- Medical management.- Establishment and Management of a Stone Clinic.- Medical Expulsive Therapy.- Metabolic Investigations: When and In Whom.- Medical Management of Idiopathic Calcium Stone Disease.- Medical Management: Uric Acid and Cystine Stones.- Medical Management of Struvite Stones.- Dietary Assessment and Advice.- Stone Management in the Presence of Morbid Obesity.