Epidemiology

SECTION I The Epidemiologic Approach to Disease and Intervention CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3 CHAPTER 2 The Dynamics of Disease Transmission 19 CHAPTER 3 Measuring the Occurrence of Disease: I. Morbidity 37 CHAPTER 4 Measuring the Occurrence of Disease: II. Mortality 59 CHAPTER 5 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Diagnostic and Screening Tests 85 CHAPTER 6 The Natural History of Disease: Ways of Expressing Prognosis 109 CHAPTER 7 Assessing the Effi cacy of Preventive and Therapeutic Measures: Randomized Trials 131 CHAPTER 8 Randomized Trials: Some Further Issues 147 SECTION II Using Epidemiology to Identify the Cause of Disease CHAPTER 9 Cohort Studies 167 CHAPTER 10 Case-Control Studies and Other Study Designs 177 CHAPTER 11 Estimating Risk: Is There an Association? 201 Xiv CHAPTER 12 More on Risk: Estimating the Potential for Prevention 215 CHAPTER 13 A Pause for Review: Comparing Cohort and Case-Control Studies 223 CHAPTER 14 From Association to Causation: Deriving Inferences from Epidemiologic Studies 227 CHAPTER 15 More on Causal Inferences: Bias, Confounding, and Interaction 247 CHAPTER 16 Identifying the Roles of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Disease Causation 265 SECTION III Applying Epidemiology to Evaluation and Policy CHAPTER 17 Using Epidemiology to Evaluate Health Services 293 CHAPTER 18 The Epidemiologic Approach to Evaluating Screening Programs 311 CHAPTER 19 Epidemiology and Public Policy 333 CHAPTER 20 Ethical and Professional Issues in Epidemiology 349 ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 361 INDEX 363 xv