Female Reproductive and Sexual Medicine

I. Reproduction





Anatomy and Physiology


1. Pre-implantation stages of human embryogenesis










Brief description of pre-implantation development of fertilized ovum















Implantation of fertilized ovum















Changes of endometrium in pregnancy and early development of placenta including characterization of gene expression







Hormonal support of early embryonic development










1st Choice Author: Philip Iannaccone (Northwestern U, Chicago, IL)


Alternate: David Walterhouse (Northwestern U, Chicago, IL)





2. Control of sexual differentiation in utero










Molecular and biological sexual differentiation of the brain







Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain sexual differentiation







Genital tract development in utero







Sexual behavior, mood, and memory later in life as a result of sexual differentiation of brain










1st Choice Author: Joe Simpson (Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX)


Alternate: Ieuan Hughes (U of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK)





3. Biology of the ovary










Development of the ovary in utero and after birth







Ovarian structure and function during the reproductive years







Mechanisms of in vivo oocyte maturation







Gene expression during oocyte maturation







Developmental expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in the ovary







The two-cell concept







Ovarian steroidogenesis







Ovarian peptides: secretion and action







Ovarian changes during pregnancy







Ovarian changes during menopause










1st Choice Author: Gregory Erickson (UCSD, La Jolla, CA)


Alternate: KP McNatty (Victoria U f Wellington, New Zealand)





4. Female puberty










Adrenarche







Gonadarche







Changes in gonadotropin secretion pattern during puberty







Tanner stages of secondary sexual characteristics







Establishment of menstrual cycle and ovulation







Delayed puberty







Precocious puberty










1st Choice Author: Robert Rosenfield (Oregon Health & Science U, Portland,


OR)


Alternate: Walter Miller (UCSF, San Francisco, CA)





5. Control of the normal menstrual cycle










Ontogeny and regulation of GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus and in the female reproductive organs, including role of genetics and life cycle of the GnRH neurons







Pituitary gonadotropin secretion







Feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis







Reproductive hormone changes during the normal menstrual cycle










1st Choice Author: Robert Rebar (U of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH)


Alternate: Eli Adashi (Brown U, Providence, RI)





6. Physiologic effects of androgens in women










Androgen secretion during the normal menstrual cycle







Androgen actions on brain, and on sexual development







Androgen actions on secondary sexual characteristics







Androgen actions on other target tissues in women










1st Choice Author: Susan Davis (Monash U, Australia)


Alternate: Glenn Braunstein (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA)





Pathophysiology, Investigation, and Treatment


7. Primary ovarian dysfunction and other congenital diseases










Genetic and molecular disorders associated with primary ovarian







dysfunction and other congenital diseases










Phenotypes of primary ovarian dysfunctions and other congenital







diseases










Investigation of women presenting with primary ovarian dysfunction and







other congenital diseases










Treatment of women presenting with primary ovarian dysfunction and other congenital diseases










1st Choice Author: Robert Jaffe (UCSF, San Francisco, CA)


Alternate: Barbara Lippe (Genentech/UCLA, Los Angeles, CA)





8. Polycystic ovarian disease and other androgenic syndromes










Causes of androgen-producing tumors, hyperthecosis, PCOD, and Cushing's disease







Genetic, molecular and morphological abnormalities associated with hyperandrogenic syndromes







Clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism in women, including evidence for premature pubarche







Hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in women with hyperandrogenism







Clinical investigation of women with hyperandrogenism







Treatment of women with hyperandrogenism










1st Choice Author: Andrea Dunaif (Northwestern U, Chicago, IL)


Alternate: John Nestler (Virginia Commonwealth U, Richmond, VA)





9. Excessive prolactin secretion and reproductive function










Pathogenesis of excessive prolactin secretion in women







Clinical manifestations of hyperprolactinemia in women







Hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in women with







hyperprolactinemia







Clinical investigation of women with hyperprolactinemia







Treatment of women with hyperprolactinemia







Pregnancy in women with hyperprolacinemia










1st Choice Author: Mark Molitch (Northwestern U, Chicago, IL)


Alternate: Fouad Kandeel (City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA)





10. Ovulatory dysfunction due to other endocrine diseases










Ovulation dysfunction due to CNS-hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction







Ovulation dysfunction in patients with CNS-hypothalamic-pituitary mass lesions







Ovulation dysfunction in patients with thyroid disease







Ovulation dysfunction in patients with adrenal disease







Ovulation dysfunction in patients with diabetes










1st Choice Author: Michael Thomas (U of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH)


Alternate: C Fogel (U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC)



11. Eating disorders, physical training and reproductive function










Anorexia nervosa and reproductive function







Bulimia and reproductive function







Obesity and reproductive function







Exercise and reproductive function










1st Choice Author: Michelle Warren (Columbia U, New York, NY)


Alternate: Barbara Wolfe (Boston College, Boston, MA)





12. Premenstrual syndrome










Pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome







Clinical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome







Diagnostic workup of patients with premenstrual syndrome







Treatment of premenstrual syndrome










1st Choice Author: Robert Reid (Kingston General Hospital, Canada)


Alternate: Andrea J. Rapkin (UCLA, Los Angeles, CA)





13. Premature ovarian failure










Pathogenesis of premature ovarian failure







Genetic analysis of candidate genes in premature ovarian failure















Genetics and molecular abnormalities associated with polyglandular endocrine failures







Surgical menopause







Diagnostic workup of patients with premature ovarian failure







Treatment of women with premature ovarian failure







Pregnancy in women with premature ovarian failure










1st Choice Author: Barbara Lippe (Genentech, San Francisco, CA)


Alternate: Rogerio Lobo (Columbia U, New York, NY)





14. Endocrine disruptors: effect on female reproductive health










Etiology of environmental toxins and hormone "imposters"







Epidemiology of endocrine disruptors and associated reproductive function abnormalities







Mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors and hormone imposters on reproductive function, fertility, and female breast










1st Choice Author: Jerrold Heindel (U of Texas, Austin, TX)


Alternate: J Toppari (U of Turku, Finland)





15. Hormonal changes in the menopausal transition and endocrine function of the postmenopausal ovary










Definition of perimenopause







Epidemiologic studies of perimenopause







Changes in pituitary-ovarian axis with age















Hypothalamic GnRH input







FSH & LH







Gonadal steroids (estradiol, esterone, progesterone, androgens)







Ovarian peptides















Pathophysiology of menopausal symptoms







Ovarian function in postmenopausal women







Other endocrine changes in postmenopausal women







Health consequences of menopause










1st Choice Author: Henry Burger (Melbourne Prince Henry Institute, Australia)


Alternate: Katherine Rosewell (U of Kentucky, Lexington, KT)





Special Issues in Female Reproduction


16. Contraception in the 21st century










Current options for female contraception







Different strategies for hormone-induced contraception















Available preparations for hormonal suppression of ovulation















Emergency contraceptives including humanized anti-hCG antibodies










1st Choice Author: Daniel Mishell, Jr. (USC, Los Angeles, CA)


Alternate: Michael Kafrissen (U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC)





17. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)










Physiology of menopause















Pathophysiology of the vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause







HRT for the menopausal symptoms







HRT effects on breast cancer







HRT effects on cardiovascular risks







HRT effects on bone metabolism and fracture risks







HRT effects on sexual function in the menopausal woman







Counseling patients on HRT risks and benefits










1st Choice Author: Robert Barbieri (Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA)


Alternate: Gloria Bachmann (U of Medicine and Dentistry, New Brunswick, NJ)





18. Non-hormone treatment of menopausal symptoms










Non-hormone therapies for menopause







Effects of non-hormone therapies on vasomotor symptoms







Effects of non-hormone therapies on cardiovascular risks















Effects of non-hormone therapies on bone metabolism and fracture risk















Effects of non-hormone therapies on sexual function in the menopausal woman










1st Choice Author: Bruce Kessel (U of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI)


Alternate: Fredi Kronenberg (Columbia U, New York, NY)





19. Alopecia and hair loss in women










Hair growth in women















Non-sexual hair







Sexual hair















Role of endocrine hormones in regulation of female hair growth















Estrogens







Androgens







Thyroid hormones







Non-steroid hormones/growth factors















Epidemiologic studies of hair growth related















Problems in women















Excessive hair growth in women















Pathophysiology, investigations and treatment















Alopecia















Pathophysiology, investigations and treatment


















1st Choice Author: Annaleen Vermeulen (U Hospital, Belgium)


Alternate: Rolf Hoffmann (Philipp U, Marburg, Germany)





20. Hormonal regulation of female breast and genital tract cancers










Molecular and cellular regulation of hormones on breast cancer







Molecular and cellular regulation of hormones on genital tract cancers










1st Choice Author: Richard Santen (U of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA)


Alternate: Richard Blackwell (U of Alabama, Birmingham, AL)





21. Stem cell research in female reproduction










Control of oocyte differentiation







Embryonic stem cell differentiation to primordial germ cell







Blastomeres as a source for stem cells







Adult stem cell in the ovary and uterus







Differentiation of other adult stem cell into reproductive tissue lineage







Cellular reprogramming















Genetic imprinting















Nuclear transfer







Tissue-engineered follicles










1st Choice Author: Teresa Woodruff / Larry Jameson / Susan Park (Northwestern U, Chicago, IL)


Alternate: Antonin Bukovsky (U of Tennessee, TN)








II. Infertility





Anatomy and Physiology


22. Normal pregnancy and puerperium










Function of placenta during pregnancy







Hormone changes during pregnancy







Maternal tissue changes during pregnancy







Effect of maternal hormones on the developing fetus and after birth







Hormonal changes during puerperium







Common complications of pregnancy










1st Choice Author: Victoria Snegovskikh (Yale U, New Haven, CT)


Alternate: John Challis (U of Toronto, Canada)





23. Physical and laboratory assessment of infertile women










History and physical examination







Assessment of basal body temperature and reproductive hormones in the infertile woman







Other laboratory evaluations of couples with infertility










1st Choice Author: Fouad Kandeel (City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA)


Alternate: R Isaksson (Helsinki U, Helsinki, Finland)





24. Imaging of the female genital tract










Ultrasound







MRI







Salpingogram







Other imaging modalities







Structural abnormalities of the genital tract as a cause for female infertility










1st Choice Author: JN Gutmann (Yale U, New Haven, CT)


Alternate: Willibrord Weijmar Schultz (University Hospital Groningen, Netherlands)





Pathophysiology, Investigation, and Treatment


25. Female genital tract infections










Bacterial infections







Fungal infections







Viral infections







Sexually transmitted diseases










1st Choice Author: Gregor Reid (Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada)


Alternate: Suzanne Garland (The Royal Women's Hospital of Women's & Children's Health, Victoria, Australia)





26. Infertility due to obstructive disorders










Genital tract obstructive lesions







Investigation







Treatment of obstructive lesions of the female genital tract including tubal ligation reversal surgery







Pregnancy in women with obstructive lesions










1st Choice Author: Kevin Lederer (U of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT)


Alternate: L Muzil / Salvatore Mancuso (U Cattolica del S. Cuore, Roma, Italy)





27. Infertility due to immunological factors










Pathogenesis







Immunological investigations including post-coital test







Treatment strategies including use of immune isolation and desensitization strategies










1st Choice Author: Harvey Kliman (Yale U, New Haven, CT)


Alternate: H.W. Gordon Baker (Royal Women's Hospital, Australia)





28. Endometriosis










Pathogenesis of endometriosis







Mechanisms of infertility in women with endometriosis







Investigations of patients with endometriosis







Treatment strategies including hormonal and non-hormonal ablation therapy










1st Choice Author: Linda Giudice, (UCSF, San Francisco, CA)


Alternate: Elizabeth Pritts (U of Wisconsin, Madison, WI)





29. Induction of ovulation










Anti-estrogens







Gonadotropins







GnRH and its analogues (agonists and antagonists)







Hypoglycemic agents







Weight loss (obese patients)










1st Choice Author: Michael Thomas (U of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH)


Alternate: Fouad Kandeel (City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA)





30. Induction of superovulation for in vitro fertilization and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome










Induction of superovulation for IVF







Risk factors, incidence and manifestations of hyperstimulation syndrome







Treatment of hyperstimulation syndrome







Strategies to prevent hyperstimulation syndrome










1st Choice Author: Stephen Franks (Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK)


Alternate: Suheil Muasher (Muasher Center for Fertility/George Washington University, Fairfax, VA)





31. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies










Intrautrine insemination (IUI)







In vitro fertilization (IVF)







Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)







Micromanipulation of gametes







Oocyte maturation in vitro







Various sperm retrieval methods







Pregnancy rates and complications










1st Choice Author: Soon-Chye Ng (National U Hospital, Singapore)


Alternate: Herman Tournaye (Free U of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium)








Special Issues in Female Infertility


32. Fertility preservation for women with cancer










Reproductive counseling of women with cancer desiring future fertility







Ovarian shielding during radiotherapy







Ovum and gamete preservation







Ovarian retrieval, preservation, and retransplantation







Use of adult and embryonic stem cells in restoring fertility of females surviving malignant diseases










1st Choice Author: Kutluk Oktay (Cornell U, New York, NY)


Alternate: David Gershenson (U of Texas, Houston, TX)





33. Pregnancy in diabetic women










Diagnosis of diabetes in pregnant women







Metabolic changes during pregnancy







Glycemic control during pregnancy







Maternal and fetal complications associated with diabetes







Later complications of diabetic pregnancy










1st Choice Author: Oded Langer (Columbia U, New York, NY)


Alternate: Tim Cundy (University of Auckland, New Zealand)





34. Pregnancy in older women










Changes in age of pregnancy in the industrial world







Late pregnancy as a result of assisted reproductive technologies







Acute and late complications associated with pregnancy of the older woman







Psychological and social issues related to pregnancy of the older woman










1st Choice Author: Zev Rosenwaks (Cornell U, New York, NY)


Alternate: Eyal Schiff (Sheba Medical Center, Israel)





35. Endocrine disorders in pregnancy










Hyperprolactinemia







Thyroid disease







Adrenal disease







Hypertension







Insulin resistance and diabetes










1st Choice Author: Mark Molitch, (U Pennsylvania, PA)


Alternate: Kenneth Leveno (U of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX)





36. Offspring of in vitro fertilization










Ethical and legal issues of pregnancy induced with donor sperm







Ethical and legal issues related to donated ova and motherhood surrogacy







Congenital abnormalities in offspring of IVF children







Parenthood problems of IVF children







Psychological impact on children born as a result of IVF










1st Choice Author: Jennifer Kurinczuk (U of Leicester, Leicester, UK)


Alternate: Francoise Shenfield (U College Hospital, London, UK)





37. Social and psychological factors in female infertility










Cultural issues associated with fertility and infertility







Psychological factors in female Infertility







Psychological counseling of the infertile couple







Effects of adoption on female infertility










1st Choice Author: Donna Stewart (U of Toronto, Ontario, Canada)


Alternate: Bruce Kessel (Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA)








III. Sexual Function





Anatomy and Physiology


38. Anatomic consideration of the female genital tract










Anatomy of the female genital tract







Neurological innervations and neural network of the female genital tract







Vascular supply of the female genital tract










1st Choice Author: Claire Yang (U of Washington, Seattle, WA)


Alternate: Helen O'Connell (U of Melbourne, Australia)





39. Normal female sexual cycle










Classifications of the female sexual cycle







Regulation of sexual desire in women







Genital, somatic and emotional changes associated with sexual excitement and plateau in women







Genital, somatic and emotional changes associated with orgasm and resolution in women during the sexual response cycle







Effects of experience, hormonal activation, arousability, attention and sensory stimulation on the female sexual response







Measurement of physiologic changes in the female genital tract during sexual arousal and orgasm










1st Choice Author: Fouad Kandeel (City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA)


Alternate: Raymond Rosen (Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ)





40. Hormone regulation of female sexual function










Molecular and cellular effects of reproductive hormones on the female genital tract







Functional effects of reproductive hormones on the female genital tract







Changes in female sexual response during the normal and abnormal menstrual cycle, pregnancy and puerperium










1st Choice Author: Henry Burger (Jean Hailes Foundation, Australia)


Alternate: John Bancroft (The Kinsey Institute, Bloomington, IN)





41. MRI in studies of female sexual function










fMRI studies of women during various stages of normal sexual response cycle







MRI studies of the female genital tract during sexual intercourse







fMRI and PET studies of brain activity during sexual arousal and orgasm in women










1st Choice Author: Antonie Faix (Clinique Beausoleil, Montpellier, France)


Alternate: John DeLancey (U of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI)





Pathophysiology, Investigation, and Treatment





42. Overview of women's sexual dysfunction










Summary chapter that provides broad, clear overview of upcoming topics in this section










1st Choice Author: Rosemary Basson (U of British Columbia, Canada)


Alternate: Sue West (U of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC)





43. Disorders of sexual desire










Hypoactive sexual desire and sexual aversion







Hyperactive sexual desire and persistent arousal disorder







Vaginal dryness







Psychological, physical and functional evaluation of sexual arousal







Treatment of sexual arousal disorders










1st Choice Author: Sandra Leiblum (U of Medicine and Dentistry, Piscataway, NJ)


Alternate: Robert Segraves (Case Western Reserve U, Cleveland, OH)





44. Painful intercourse










Structural abnormalities and pelvic trauma







Genital tract infections







Vaginismus







Dyspareunia







Vulvodynia







Mixed sexual pain disorder










1st Choice Author: Caroline Pukall (Queen's U, Canada)


Alternate: Yitzchak Binik/Marie-Andree Lahai (McGill U, Canada)





45. Disorders of the female orgasm










Primary anorgasmia







Secondary anorgasmia







Infrequent orgasmic response










1st Choice Author: Cindy Meston (U of Texas, Austin, TX)


Alternate: Margaret Redelman (Sydney Centre for Sexual and Relationship Therapy, Australia)





46. Pharmacological agents and female sexual function










Antihypertensives







Psychotropics and centrally-acting drugs







Antiestrogens and antiandrogens







Contraceptives







Drug therapy for female sexual dysfunction










1st Choice Author: Jan Shifren (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA)


Alternate: Jonathan Schaffir (Ohio State U, Columbus, OH)





47. Substance abuse and female sexual function










Alcoholism







Oral, inhaled, and IV recreational drug use










1st Choice Author: R. Karl H