Atherosclerosis

Welcoming Address.- A. Welcoming Address.- B. Introduction.- C. Section I (Plenary Sessions).- 1. Highlights of Current Research in Atherosclerosis.- 2. Plasma Lipoproteins: Recent Developments.- 3. Arterial Endothelium and Its Potentials.- 4. The Coronary Drug Project - Findings with Regard to Estrogen, Dextrothyroxine, Clofibrate and Niacin.- 5. The Place of the Aorto-Coronary By-Pass Surgery in the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease.- 6. Current Concepts of Coronary Thrombosis as Related to Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction.- 7. Effect of Drugs on Platelets and Complications of Vascular Disease.- D. Section II (Proffered Papers) - Chapter 1 - Clinical Epidemiology.- 1. Hyperlipoproteinemia in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients and Long-Term Renal Transplant Recipients.- 2. Cholesterol Tracking; Prediction Over Time of Serum Cholesterol in Evans County, Ga..- 3. Coronary Heart Disease Profile in Australian Men and Some Factors Influencing Survival.- 4. Exercise ST Segment Depressions in Asymptomatic Hyperlipoproteinaemia and its Relation to Various Lipoprotein Classes.- 5. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Mortality in the Island of Crete Study.- 2 - Myocardial Infarction.- 1. Non-Obstructive Mural Coronary Thrombosis in Sudden Death.- 2. Improved Biochemical Detection of Myocardial Ischemic Injury.- 3. Myocardial Perfusion Assessed by Direct Coronary Arterial Injection of Radiolabelled Particles.- 4. Controlled Trial of a Cardiac Ambulance Service Manned by Ambulance Personnel.- 5. The Heparin Neutralizing Activity Test in the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI).- 3 - Fate of Lipoproteins.- 1. Chylomicron Remnant Particle Formation In Vivo in Hepatectomized Rat.- 2. Use of Esterified Retinol to Trace the Degradation of Chylomicrons in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits.- 3. Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase and Hepatic Lipase in Normal Human Subjects: Relationship to Age, Sex and Triglyceride Metabolism.- 4. Lipoprotein Lipase and Hepatic Lipase Activity in Post-heparin Plasma of Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia.- 5. Autoimmune Hyperlipidemia in the Nephrotic Syndrome.- 4 - Aortic Glycosaminoglycans, Gangliosides and Glycolysis.- 1. Further Studies on Glycosaminoglycan - Lipoprotein Interactions.- 2. Interactions of Glycosaminglycans with Collagen and Elastin in Bovine Aorta.- 3. Structural Characterization of Gangliosides from Normal and Atherosclerotic Human Thoracic Aortas.- 4. Studies on the Role of Increased Arterial Glycolysis in Atherogenesis.- 5. Influence of Glycosaminoglycan Content on Diffusive Transport of Calcium and Water Across the In Vitro Artery Wall.- 5 - Hemodynamics.- 1. Interrelationship of Hypertension and Atherosclerosis in a Subhuman Primate Model.- 2. Altered Renal Flow in the Localization of Sudanophilic Lesion in Rabbit Aortas.- 3. The Hemodynamic Basis of Atherosclerosis.- 4. City-Wide Screening for Detection of Hypertension.- 6 - Hyperlipidemia in Man and Treatment.- 1. Lipid-Protein Proportionate and Disproportionate Varieties of Lipoproteinemia.- 2. Metabolic Effects of the Bile Acid Sequestrant Polidexide (SeeholexR) in Man.- 3. Colestipol Hydrochloride, a New Hypolipidemic Drug: A Two-Year Study - Summary.- 4. Dietary Influence on Molecular Distribution of Serum Lipoproteins in Subjects with Proven Coronary Artery Disease.- 5. The Educational Diagnosis in Nutrition Counseling for Serum Cholesterol Reduction.- 7 - Atherosclerosis and Childhood.- 1. Metabolic Response to Intralipid Infusions in the Neonatal Period.- 2. Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Children from a Biracial Community - The Bogalusa Heart Study.- 3. Identification and Management of the Child at Risk for Atherosclerosis.- 4. A Study of the Dose-Effect Relationship of Cholestyramine in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia.- 5. Hyperlipidaemia and Weight Gain After Maturity.- 8 - Fibrinolytic Activity; Platelets.- 1. Associations Between Fibrinolytic Activity and Other Variables in an Industrial Population.- 2. Effects of Aspirin and Sulfinpyrazone on Platelet Prostaglandin Synthesis.- 3. Increase in Platelet Factor 4-Like Activity in the Initial Stages of Atherosclerosis in Pigeons.- 4. Inhibition of Platelet Adherence to Damaged Vessel Wall by Drugs.- 5. Experimental Modification of Platelet Survival.- 9 - Permeability; Tissue Culture.- 1. Hyperreactive Arterial Endothelial Cells in Atherogenesis - Effect of Smooth Muscle Relaxants.- 2. The Effect of Moderate Increases in Serum Cholesterol on the Blood-Artery Cholesterol Transfer Barrier.- 3. Cholesterol Exchange: Evidence for a Role in Arterial Cholesterol Accumulation.- 4. Cholesterol Metabolism in Human Endothelial Cells in Culture.- 5. Effect of Lipoprotein on In Vitro Synthesis of DNA in Aortic Tissue.- 10 - Experimental Models of Hyperlipidemia.- 1. Comparison of Age Related Alterations in Arterial Sterol Accumulation, Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Balance in Spontaneously Atherosclerosis-Susceptible and Atherosclerosis-Resistant Pigeons.- 2. Hereditary Hyperlipidemia in Chickens - Model for Study of Toxic Oxidation Products Found in Significant Amounts in U.S.P. Cholesterol, Powdered Eggs and Milk.- 3. A Comparative Study of the Effect of Dietary Cholesterol on Plasma Lipoproteins in Nonhuman Primates.- 4. Lipoproteins and the In Vitro Study of Cholesterol Metabolism in Gerbils.- 5. A Circulating Inhibitor of Post-Heparin Plasma Lipolysis in the Type IV-V Hyperlipoproteinemia Induced in Green Lymphoma-Bearing Hamsters.- 11 - Experimental Hypercholesterolemia.- 1. Turnover of Cholesterol in Aorta of Rabbits Previously Fed a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet.- 2. Turnover and Aortic Uptake of Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) from Hypercholesteremic Rabbits: Effect of Metformin.- 3. Increased Oxygen Consumption in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits.- 4. Effects of Dietary Proteins and Amino Acids on the Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations of Rabbits Fed Cholesterol-Free Diets.- 5. Serum and Aortic Lipids of Rats Fed Long-Term Equilibrate Diets Containing Various Alimentary Fats.- 12 - Lipid Composition and Metabolism in Man.- 1. The Characteristics of Human Plasma Lipoprotein Metabolism: Influence of Low Caloric Diet on Hyperlipidemia.- 2. Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Compared with Subjects Free of Coronary Heart Disease.- 3. Cholesterol Synthesis and Uptake by Fat Cells in Familial Hypercholesterolemia.- 4. Effects of Caloric Restriction on Cholesterol Metabolism in Hyperlipemic Obese Subjects.- 5. Relationships between Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations and the Pool Size and Metabolism of Cholesterol in Man.- 13 - Metabolic Control in Animal Tissues.- 1. Injected 7-0X0 Cholesterol and Plant Sterol Derivatives and Hepatic Cholesterogenesis.- 2. The Effects of Fasting and Refeeding on In Vitro Lipogenesis and Glycogen Synthesis From U-14C-Glucose in the Rat Aorta.- 3. Cholesterol Ester: Lysolecithin Acyltransferase Activity of the Aorta.- 4. Significance of Lipoprotein Lipase in Rat Skeletal Muscle.- 5. Decreased Cardiac Glycogen Following Phenformin Injection in Hyperglycemic, Hyperinsulinemic Anaesthetized Rats.- 14 - Experimental Lesions - Morphology.- 1. Comparative Ultrastructure of Primate Fatty Streaks.- 2. Spontaneous Arterial Lesions in Normal Pigs and Pigs with Von Willebrand's Disease.- 3. Injury Induced Atherosclerosis; Is Injury or Thrombosis Responsible for Progression of Lesions?.- 4. The Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on the Response Patterns After Different Types of Defined Mechanical Injury.- 5. Arterial Surface Changes Examined by Scanning (SEM) and Transmission (TEM) Electron Microscopy.- 15 - Surgical Techniques - Investigation and Treatment.- 1. The Investigation of Cerebral Perfusion Using Intra-Arterial Injection of Isotopically Labelled Albumin Macro-Aggregates.- 2. Extracranial to Intracranial Microvascular Anastomosis: A New Approach to the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease.- 3. The Surgical Repair of Acute Ventricular Septal Defect as a Complication of Myocardial Infarction.- 4. The Membrane Lung in Routine Bloodless Open Heart Surgery.- 5. New Surgical Approach to Diffuse Coronary Occlusion: Selective Arterialization of the Coronary Veins.- E. Section III (Workshop Sessions) - Chapter 1 - Lipid Clinic 1 (Objectives, Organization, Biochemical and Dietary Methods).- 1. Introduction to Lipid Clinic I.- 2. Objectives.- 3. Organization of Lipid Clinics.- 4. Standardization of Currently Employed Biochemical Procedures.- 5. The Dietary Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia.- 6. A Point of View on the Dietary Management of Hyperlipidemia.- 7. Discussion.- 2 - New Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and its Size.- 1. Lessons from the Myocardial Infarction Research Units.- 2. The Effect of Local Vasodilating Agents.- 3. Infarct Size: Its Estimation and Modification.- 4. Mechanical Assist in the Treatment of Impending or Established Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock.- 5. New Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and its Size: The Surgical Approach.- 6. Discussion.- 3 - Fate of Lipoproteins.- 1. The Origin and Fate of Chylomicrons and VLDL.- 2. The Origin and Fate of LDL.- 3. The Origin and Fate of HDL.- 4. The Role of LCAT in Cholesterol Transport.- 4 - Regression of Lesions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Progression and Regression of Experimental Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 3. Dietary Restriction and Progress of Atheroma.- 4. Regression of Complicated Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Abdominal Aortas of Swine.- 5. Studies of Regression/Progression of Atherosclerosis in Man.- 6. Approaches to Evaluating Regression of Experimental Atherosclerosis.- 7. Discussion.- 5 - Lipid Clinic II (Drugs, Genetics and Lipoprotein Dynamics).- 1. Experimental Investigation of Hypolipidemic and Anti-Atherosclerotic Drugs with Different Mechanism of Action.- 2. Treatment of Hyperlipoproteinemias with Neomycin, Probucol and Tibric Acid.- 3. Cholesterol Turnover and Metabolism in Normal and Hyperlipidemic Patients.- 4. Genetic Studies in Outpatients: Plasma Cholesterol in Family and Twin Studies.- 5. Discussion.- 6 - Atherosclerosis and Childhood.- 1. Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Childhood.- 2. The Lesion in Children.- 3. Genetics of the Hyperlipidemias and Cardiovascular Implications.- 4. Dietary Management of Familial Type II - Hyperlipoproteinemia in Children and Adolescents - A Feasibility Study.- 5. Treatment of Hyperlipidemias in Childhood.- 6. Discussion.- 7 - Plasma Lipids and Thrombosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Fibrinolytic Activity and Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis.- 3. Dietary Fatty Acids and Arterial Thrombosis: Effects and Mechanism of Action with Special Reference to Linoleic Acid.- 4. Uptake of Labelled Cholesterol by Organizing Thrombus.- 5. Mural Thrombosis and Plaque Growth.- 6. Dynamics of Thrombus Formation.- 7. Summary.- 8. Opening Remarks to Discussion.- 8 - Animal Models in the Study of Atherosclerosis.- 1. Genetic Studies of Atherosclerosis in Animals.- 2. The Baboon as an Experimental Model in Drug Testing.- 3. Advanced Coronary Atherosclerosis in Swine Produced by Combination of Balloon-Catheter Injury and Cholesterol Feeding.- 4. Evolution and Regression of Aortic Fatty Streaks in Rhesus Monkeys.- 5. Comparison of Primates and Rabbits as Animal Models in Experimental Atherosclerosis.- 6. Discussion.- 9 - Lipid Clinic III (The Effects of Nutrition and Treatment on Lipid Metabolism).- 1. The Effects of Nutrition on Lipid Metabolism.- 2. Influence of Dietary Fat and Protein on Plasma Cholesterol Levels in the Early Postnatal Period.- 3. Results of Treatment of Hyperlipidemias; Short Term Effect on Cholesterol Metabolism.- 4. Results of Treatment of Hyperlipidemias: Long-Term Compliance and Effect on Lipid Metabolism.- 5. The Drug Treatment of Hyperlipidemia.- 6. Discussion.- 10 - Current Investigations in Myocardial Perfusion.- 1. An Overview of Myocardial Blood Flow.- 2. Studies of Regional Myocardial Perfusion in the Anginal Patient.- 3. The Determinants of Regional Myocardial Blood Flow.- 4. Regional Myocardial Perfusion: Studies with 133Xenon and a Multiple-Crystal Scintillation Camera.- 5. Discussion.- 11 - Tissue Culture I.- 1. Tissue Culture in the Study of Atherosclerosis.- 2. Electron Microscopic Techniques in the Study of Cultured Vascular Cells.- 3. Techniques for Culturing Arterial Endothelial Cells.- 4. Cultured Human Fibroblasts in the Study of Atherosclerosis.- 5. Cultured Human Endothelial Cells in Atherosclerosis.- 6. Discussion.- 12 - Connective Tissues in Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Secretion and Assembly of Collagen - Present Status.- 3. Aortic Protocollagen Proline Hydroxylase.- 4. Pathophysiology of the Intercellular Matrix as a Whole.- 5. Morphology of Collagen and Elastin Fibers in Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 6. Biochemistry of Collagen and Elastic Fibers in Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 7. Glycosaminoglycans in Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 8. The Mode of Calcification in Atherosclerotic Lesions.- 9. Role of Arterial Lipoproteins in the Formation of Fibrous Plaque.- 10. Discussion.- 13 - Recommendations to the Public for Prevention of Atherosclerosis.- 1. Choice of Objectives in Atherosclerosis Prevention.- 2. National Views: Australia.- 3. Prevention Programs in Canada.- 4. Diet and Coronary Heart Disease - A British Point of View.- 5. New Zealand Perspectives.- 6. The Status in Sweden.- 7. The Alternative American Diet.- 8. Recommendations to the Public for Prevention of Atherosclerosis from Six Western Countries - Their Application to Children.- 9. Practical Considerations Regarding Availability of Food Supplies.- 10. Discussion.- 14 - Biochemistry of Arterial Wall; Factors in Mural Lipid Accumulation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effect of Lipid Accumulation on Arterial Wall Bioenergetics.- 3. Quantitative Studies of the Interaction between Plasma and Tissue Components in Human Intima.- 4. Arterial Cholesterol Esterase.- 5. Participation of Phospholipids in Arterial Metabolism of Cholesterol Esters.- 6. The Significance of 'Bound' and 'Labile' Fractions of Low-Density Lipoprotein and Fibrinogen in the Arterial Wall.- 7. Summary.- 8. Discussion.- 15 - Tissue Culture II.- 1. The Lipoproteins and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells; Uptake of VLDL, LDL, HDL.- 2. Lipoproteins and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Regulation of Cellular Metabolism by Swine Lipoproteins.- 3. The Lipoproteins and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: Cellular Proliferation and Morphology.- 4. The Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell: Stimulation of Cholesterol Esterification by Plasma Lipoproteins.- 5. Production of Glycosaminoglycans, Collagen and Elastic Tissue by Aortic Medial Explants.- 6. Summary.- 7. Discussion.- 16 - Endothelium and Permeability.- 1. Theoretical Models for Transport of Low-Density Lipoproteins in the Arterial Wall.- 2. The Morphologic Basis of Arterial Endothelial Permeability; Some Ultrastructural Aspects of the Evans Blue Model.- 3. Light Microscopic Localization of Actomyosin and Tropomyosin in Tissues by Immunoperoxidase Technique Following Fixation in Dimethylsuberimidate and Embedding in Polyethylene Glycol.- 4. The Morphologic Basis for Normal Endothelial Permeability; Intercellular Pathways.- 5. The Morphological Basis for Altered Endothelial Permeability in Atherosclerosis.- 6. The Influence of Hypercholesterolemia Upon Endothelial Glycocalix.- Resume of Workshop - Conference.- F. Resume of Workshop - Conference.- Closing Remarks.- G. Closing Remarks.- List and Addresses of Invited Participants.- List of Contributors.