Urolithiasis Research

Review Lectures I. Physical Chemical Aspects of Urinary Stone-Formation.- The kinetics of crystal growth and renal stone-formation.- Physical chemical aspects of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract.- II. Renal Handling of Substances Involved in Urinary Stone-Formation.- Elements of nephron function important in urolithiasis.- Renal handling of magnesium.- Renal physiology and the phosphate ion.- Tubular handling of phosphate.- Calcium excretion and hypercalciuria.- Tubular handling of calcium.- Renal handling of uric acid.- Tubular handling of uric acid in mammals.- III. Metabolism of Substances Involved in Urinary Stone-Formation.- Genetic defects in human purine metabolism leading to urolithiasis.- Influence of diet on urinary uric acid excretion.- Vitamin D metabolism and its relationship to pathologies of calcium metabolism.- Oxalic acid: absorption, excretion, and metabolism.- Oxalate biosynthesis and the primary hyperoxaluria syndromes.- IV. New Aspects in Medical Treatment of Urinary Stones.- Application of physical, chemical, and metabolic factors to the management of urolithiasis.- Idiopathic renal lithiasis: new developments in evaluation and treatment.- Posters I. Physical Chemical Aspects.- Investigation of complex chemical equilibria in urinary systems with respect to calcium oxalate formation.- Precipitation of calcium oxalates from 0.3M sodium chloride solutions.- Nucleation place for urinary calculi.- Crystal-optical findings on calcium oxalate of uric concretions.- Epitaxy mechanism of urinary mucoprotein.- Calcified bacteria in renal stones.- Crystal habit, structure and incidence in the urine of a hospital population.- Estimating urine supersaturation, a comparison of the results of two methods evaluating changes induced by drinking milk.- Aggregation and disaggregation of hydroxyapatite crystals.- A routine method for the integrated study of microcrystals in urine by light and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and micro-X-ray diffraction.- Exact stone analysis - significance to prophylaxis.- Demonstration of protective (inhibitory) effects of urinary macromolecules on the crystallisation of calcium oxalate.- Composition of deficient apatitic calcium phosphates in renal calculi.- Magnesian calcites in urinary stones of herbivorous mammals.- Studies about crystalluria of stone-formers and controls. Experiments on crystal growth.- Results of the standardization and centralization of stone analysis in the German Democratic Republic.- Structural study of calcinated apatites from renal calculi.- Intracellular crystalline deposits by bacteria grown in urine.- Evaluation of physical and chemical methods for the analysis of polymineralic urinary calculi.- Physical analyses of urinary calculi.- The complexation of calcium ion by diphosphonates.- Urinary inhibitors of calcification.- Comparison of two methods for measuring activity products of calcium salts in urine.- A macroscopic, microchemical and infra-red spectrometric study of oxalic urinary lithiasis.- Urinary acid mucopolysaccharide inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystallization.- The saturation of urine in recurrent, idiopathic calcium stoneformers.- Effect of oral orthophosphate on calcium crystalluria in stoneformers.- Experimental urinary stone-formation following persorption.- Prostatic calculi.- Quality of, and quality control of, urolithiasis analysis.- Ultrastructural features of human urinary calculi.- Comparison of quantitative element distribution in kidney and muscle tissue of patients with calcium oxalate calculi.- Crystalluria.- Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth. A simple method of measurement and preliminary results.- Analysis of urinary stones using infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy - progress report.- II. Renal Aspects.- Regulation and site of the tubular transport of inorganic phosphate (Pj) in the rat kidney.- The effect of vitamin D on renal calcium clearance.- New aspects in urinary oxalate excretion in man.- Effects of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone on renal tubular calcium reabsorption.- Effect of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis on renal tubular calcium transport.- III. Metabolic Aspects.- The incidence of kidney stones after small intestinal bypass operations for treatment of obesity.- Beta-2-microglobulin excretion in renal stone-formers.- Calcium metabolism in patients with urolithiasis and hyperparathyroidism.- Dietary content of refined carbohydrate: an explanation for the "stone-wave" and apparent immunity to renal stone.- Correlations between renal oxalic lithiasis and cholesterol gall bladder lithiasis.- Uric acid lithiasis, aetiology and treatment.- Statistics of urolithiasis.- Hyperparathyroidism in urolithiasis.- Acute acid loads with different anions in patients with renal stones.- Case history of a urinary stone.- Urinary calculus formation in small bowel bypass patients.- Urease: principal cause of infection stones.- Effect of metabolic changes on uric acid production of human liver.- Seasonal variations in urinary calcium and oxalate in normal subjects and patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.- The effects of experimental hypercalcemia upon gluconeogenetic metabolites in rat kidney cells.- 25-0H-vitamin D metabolism in calcium stone-formers.- Primary hyperuricaemia in cystinuria.- Component concentrations of 24-h urine from patients with calcium oxalate calculi.- Clinical data and biochemical analyses in urolithiasis.- Urease inhibition: alternative to antimicrobial treatment.- Kinetic differences in the intestinal calcium-binding protein from absorptive hypercalciuric stone-formers.- Ionized calcium concentration measured by a new double-membrane calcium-sensitive electrode.- Etiological classification of renal lithiasis: a study based on 1936 patients.- Hypomagnesemia and renal magnesium wasting in kidney stoneformers.- Desk top calculator program for evaluation of clinical chemistry results in recurrent stone-formers.- Experimental studies on the effect of different forms of prophylaxis on urolith formation in animals.- Calcium stone disease: pilot study of hormonal response to meal and hypoglycemia.- A new cause of urinary calculi: 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones in supposed 'uric acid' crystalluria.- Urinary tract calculi after kidney transplantation.- Anticystinuric drug activity - experimental study on the rat.- Urolithiasis associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria. A series of fifty male patients.- Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in normocalcemic hypercalciuria.- IV. Therapeutic Aspects.- Method and clinical use of fibrinpyelotoniy.- Acetohydroxamic acid: initial investigations in man.- Therapeutic effect of l?-hydroxyvitamin D3 in patients with hypoparathyroi dism after thyroidectomy.- Conservative treatment of urolithiasis.- Experience with long-term prophylaxis of kidney stones.- Succinimide-phosphorus-magnesium association in the treatment of oxalic lithiasis - clinical and experimental data.- Prevention of urinary calculi in hyperuricemia and gout.- Idiopathic urinary bladder stone disease.- Urinary lithiasis in children due to idiopathic hypercalciuria.