Osteoporosis

Dr. Marcus is Professor-Emeritus, Stanford University, where he served on the full-time medical faculty for almost 25 years, before joining the Emeritus faculty in 2001. At Stanford, he was located at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto California, where he served as Director of the Aging Study Unit of the Geriatrics Research, Education, & Clinical Center from 1982-2001. Dr. Marcus enjoyed a long career as a clinical investigator in the fields of bone and mineral metabolism and osteoporosis medicine. His own research interests included diagnosis and therapy of primary hyperpara-thyroidism, interactions of the parathyroid-vitamin D axis with estrogen, age-related changes in the growth hormone-IGF axis, effects of growth hormone replacement for older men and women, metabolic and musculoskeletal effects of resistance exercise in older men and women, adolescent bone acquisition, and osteoporosis therapeutics. Dr. Marcus’ laboratory was a study site for many of the pivotal clinical trials in the osteoporosis field. These include the NIH Post-menopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial (PEPI), Merck’s Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT), Lilly’s Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Intervention (MORE), and Lilly’s registration trial of recombinant PTH(1-34) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. In 2001. Dr. Marcus joined the US Affiliate of Eli Lilly & Company to support Lilly’s program in Osteoporosis and Skeletal Medicine. From 2003 until his retirement from Lilly in 2008, Dr. Marcus was the lead physician for the Forteo team at Lilly. He has published more than 150 research papers, editorials, and reviews. Dr. Marcus served as President of the American Society for Bone & Mineral Research in 2000-2001. Dr. Rosen is Professor and Senior Scientists at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, where his group studies the role of insulin-like growth factors on bone and the genetics of osteoporosis in inbred strains of mice. In 2007 he joined the Maine Medical Center Research Institute in Scarborough, Maine. He is also the former Director of the Maine Center for Osteoporosis Research and Education, St. Joseph Hospital, Bangor.Dr. Rosen is a Past President of the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). He served five years as the First Editor in Chief of the Journal of Clinical Densitometry, the official journal for the International Society of Clinical Densitometry, and currently serves as Associate Editor of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. His publications exceed 270 manuscripts published in a wide spectrum of clinical and basic science journals.

Introduction
The Bone Organ System: Form and Function
The Nature of Osteoporosis
The Economics of Osteoporosis
Reflections on Osteoporosis
Skeletal Heterogeneity and the Purposes of Bone Remodeling: Implications for the
Understanding of Osteoporosis
Basic Science/Bone Biology
Osteoblast Biology
Osteoclast Biology
Osteocytes
The Regulatory Role of Matrix Proteins in Mineralization of Bone
Development of the Skeleton
Mouse Genetics as a Tool to Study Bone Development and Physiology
Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
Vitamin D: Biology, Action, and Clinical Implications
Regulation of Bone Cell Function by Estrogens
Androgens and Skeletal Biology: Basic Mechanisms
Phosphatonins
Wnt Signaling in Bone
Cytokines and Bone Remodeling
Skeletal Growth Factors
Intercellular Communication During Bone Remodeling
Structural and Biomechanics
Skeletal Development: Mechanical Consequences of Growth, Aging and Disease
Inhibition of Osteoporosis by Biophysical Intervention
Biomechanics of Age-Related Fractures
Bone Quality
Epidemiology & Risk Factors
Epidemiologic Methods in Studies of Osteoporosis
Race, Ethnicity and Osteoporosis
The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF): Major Findings and Contributions
Bone Mineral Acquisition in Utero and During Infancy and Childhood
Bone Acquisition in Adolescence
Genetic Determinants of Osteoporosis
Nutrition and Risk for Osteoporosis
Physical Activity in Prevention of Osteoporosis and Associated Fractures
Premenopausal Reproductive and Hormonal Characteristics and the Risk for Osteoporosis
Non-Skeletal Risk Factors for Osteoporosis and Fractures
Falls as Risk Factors for Fracture
Assessment of Fracture Risk
Outcomes of Osteoporotic Fractures
Pathophysiology
Local and Systemic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis
Animal Models for Osteoporosis
Estrogen, Bone Homeostasis and Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: How the Hormonal Changes of Menopause Cause Bone Loss
Osteoporosis in Men: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Characterization
Osteoporosis in Childhood and Adolescence
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Adult Scoliosis, Degenerative Disease, and BMD: a Sub-Segmental Analytic Approach
Mechanisms of Immobilization-induced Bone Loss
Leptin-Dependent Regulation of Bone Mass
Thyroid Hormone and the Skeleton
Osteoporosis in Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, and Hepatic Disease
The Skeletal Actions of Parathyroid Hormone in Primary Hyperparathyroidism and in Osteoporosis
Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Other Defects of Bone Development as Occasional Causes of Adult Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis Associated with Illnesses and Medications
Transplantation Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis Associated with Cancer Therapy
Osteoporosis Associated with Pregnancy
Osteoporosis Associated with Rheumatologic Disease
Oral Bone Loss and Systemic Osteopenia: Potential Treatment and Risks
Localized Osteoporosis
Evaluation and Management
Evaluation of the Patient with Osteoporosis or at Risk for Osteoporosis
Who Should be Screened: Who Should be Treated?
Radiology of Osteoporosis
Clinical Use of Bone Densitometry
Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Osteoporosis
The Conundrum of Compliance and Persistence with Oral Bisphosphonates for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
An Orthopedic Perspective of Osteoporosis
Lessons from Bone Histomorphometry on the Mechanism of Action of Osteoporosis Drugs
Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Design Considerations for Clinical Investigations of Osteoporosis
Regulatory Considerations for the Design and Conduct of Osteoporosis Registration Trials
Evidence-Based Osteoporosis Care
The Role of Calcium in the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Vitamin D and its Metabolites and Analogs in the Management of Osteoporosis
Estrogen Therapy: Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis
Estrogen Analogues: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) and Phytoestrogens
Bisphosphonates: Pharmacology and Use in the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Calcitonin in Osteoporosis
Strontium Therapy for Osteoporosis
Androgens
Treatment with PTH Peptides
Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors: Potential Applications and Limitations in the Management of Osteoporosis
New approaches to Osteoporosis Therapeutics