ECHO Made Easy

ATUL LUTHRADiplomate National Board of MedicineConsultant Medical and Heart Specialist, Delhi

What is an ECHO? Principle of Ultrasound Principle of Doppler, Conventional Echo - 2-Decho, M-Mode Echo, CW Doppler, PW Doppler, Clinical Applications of Conventional Echo, Colour Doppler Echo - Principle, Technique, Advantages, Limitations, Applications, The Echo Windows - Transthoracic Echo, Echo Windows, Transoesophageal Echo, Future Directions in Echo, Normal Views and Values - Normal Echo, Sequence of Scanning, What is Normal?, Normal Variants, Normal Values, Normal Valves, Ventricular Dysfunction - LV Systolic Dysfunction, LV Diastolic Dysfunction, RV Dysfunction , Cardiomyopathies - Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCMP), Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCMP), Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Coronary Artery Disease - Indications for Echo in Coronary Artery Diseases, Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Right Ventricular Dysfunction, Acute Mitral Regurgitation, Acute Ventricular Septal Defect, Left Ventricular Aneurysm, Ventricular Mural Thrombus, Acute Pericardial Effusion, Coronary Artery Anomalies, Simulating Conditions, Stress Echocardiography, Systemic Hypertension, Pulmonary Hypertension, Aortic Diseases, Congenital Heart Diseases - Ventricular Septal Defect, Atrial Septal Defect, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot, Eisenmenger Reaction, Quantification of Shunt, Valvular Diseases - Mitral Stenosis, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Flail Mitral Leaflet, Mitral Annular Calcification, Mitral Regurgitation, Tricuspid Stenosis, Tricuspid Regurgitation, Ebstein's Anomaly, Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurgitation, Pulmonary Stenosis, Pulmonary Regurgitation, Pericardial Diseases - Pericardial Effusion, Cardiac Tamponade, Constrictive Pericarditis, Endocardical Diseases, Intracardiac Masses - Cardiac Tumours, Left Atrial Myxoma, Cardiac Thrombi, Ventricular Thrombus, Thromboembolic Diseases, Systemic Diseases