Intestinal Failure

Alan N. Langnas, DO is Chief of Transplantation and Director of the Liver and Intestinal Transplantation Program at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA. Professor Langnas has been doing liver transplants at UNMC since 1988 and over the past seven years has performed more than 40 intestinal and intestinal/liver transplants, establishing the UNMC program as one of the top transplant centers in the world performing multiple organ transplants. Along side his transplant work, Professor Langnas also maintains an active practice treating non-transplant hepato-biliary patients and serves on the editorial boards of several medical journals. In addition to writing more than 100 research papers for medical journals, he is also active in several capacities with the United Network for Organ Sharing, the national organ allocation system in the U.S. Olivier Goulet, MD, PhD Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology and Nutrition, Reference Center for Rare Digestive Diseases, Integrated Program of Intestinal Failure, Home Parenteral Nutrition and Intestinal Transplantation, University of Paris-Descartes, Necker Hospital, Paris, France. Eamonn M.M. Quigley, MD, FRCP, FACP, FACG, FRCPI is Professor of Medicine and Human Physiology and Head of the Medical School at the National University of Ireland (NUI), Cork. He also serves as Adjunct Professor of Medicine and Physiology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha, USA. He is Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Gastroenterology and Vice-President of the World Organization of Gastroenterology (OMGE - Organisation Mondiale de Gastroentérologie). His major research interests are in the areas of motility, functional gastrointestinal disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction in systemic disease. He has published over 400 original papers, reviews, editorials and book chapters and has received numerous awards from universities and societies worldwide. Kelly A. Tappenden, PhD, RD is Associate Professor of Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Physiology in the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. Professor Tappenden recently received the 2005 American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Dudrick Research Scholar Award and the 2004 College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences Faculty Award for Excellence in Research. Professor Tappenden’s research interests include the regulation of small intestinal function by various nutrients and gastrointestinal-specific pepides. Her recent publications are featured in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and Journal of Nutrition. In addition to her academic research, Professor Tappenden is also a Registered Dietician, having completed clinical training at the Misericordia Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta.

List of Contributors. Foreword.

Preface.

Abbreviations.

Part 1 Introduction.

1 The History of Intestinal Failure and Transplantation: Alan N. Langnas (University of Nebraska Medical Center).

Part 2 Intestinal Physiology and Immunology.

2 Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal Regeneration and the Promise of Tissue Engineering: David A.J. Lloyd (St Mark’s Hospital Harrow) and Simon M. Gabe (St Mark’s Hospital Harrow).

3 Basic Physiology of Motility, Absorption and Secretion: Greger Lindberg (Karolinska Institutet).

4 Immunology of the Small Intestine: Liam O’Mahony (University College Cork).

5 Intestinal Adaptation: The Biology of the Intestinal Response to Resection and Disease: Marc S. Levin (St Louis VA Medical Center) and Deborah C. Rubin (Washington University School of Medicine).

Part 3 Intestinal Failure: Definition and Pathophysiology.

6 Intestinal Failure: Definitions and Classifications: Dominique M. Jan (Columbia University).

7 Causes of Intestinal Failure in the Newborn: Yigael Finkel (Karolinska Institutet).

8 Congenital Enteropathies Causing Permanent Intestinal Failure: Olivier Goulet (University of Paris-Descartes).

9 Causes of Intestinal Failure in the Adult: Harry C. Sax (The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University).

10 Intestinal Failure Related to Bariatric Surgery: Jon S. Thompson (University of Nebraska Medical Center).

11 Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Short Bowel Syndrome: Ramsey K. Umar (Feinberg School of Medicine) and Alan L. Buchman (Feinberg School of Medicine).

12 Motility Disorders: Hayat Mousa (Center for Advanced Research in Neuromuscular Gastrointestinal Disorders (C.A.R.I.N.G)) and Carlo Di Lorenzo (The Ohio State University and Columbus Children’s Hospital).

Part 4 Assessment and General Management of Intestinal Failure.

13 Assessment of Intestinal Failure Patients: Clarivet Torres (Georgetown University Hospital).

14 Guidelines for Home Parenteral Nutrition Support in Chronic Intestinal Failure Patients: Bernard Messing (Reference Centre for Rare Digestive Diseases), Francisca Joly (Reference Centre for Rare Digestive Diseases) and Virginie Colomb (Reference Centre for Rare Digestive Diseases).

15 Home Parenteral Nutrition: Complications, Survival, Costs and Quality of Life: John K. DiBaise (Mayo Clinic).

16 Vascular Access, Including Complications: Sanja Kolaček (Children’s Hospital Zagreb) and Julije Meštrović(Spit University Hospital).

17 Enteral Support for Children with Intestinal Failure: Daniel S. Kamin (Children’s Hospital, Boston) and Christopher Duggan (Children’s Hospital, Boston).

18 The Use of Enteral Nutrition in the Adult with Intestinal Failure: Khursheed N. Jeejeebhoy (University of Toronto).

19 The Enteric Flora in Intestinal Failure: Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Gut-Derived Sepsis: Eamonn M.M. Quigley (National University of Ireland, Cork), Rodrigo Quera (Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile) and Ahmed Abu-Shanab (National University of Ireland, Cork).

20 Management of Complex Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances: Stuart S. Kaufman (Georgetown University Transplant Institute and Children’s National Medical Center) and Erin M. Fennelly (Georgetown University Transplant Institute).

21 Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease: Sue V. Beath (Birmingham Children’s Hospital) and Jeremy M. Woodward (Addenbrooke’s Hospital).

22 Psychiatric Issues in the Assessment of the Patient with Intestinal Failure: James H. Sorrell (Nebraska Medical Center).

23 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Paul E. Hyman (University of Kansas School of Medicine) and Brenda Bursch (David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA).

Part 5 Pharmacological Approaches to Intestinal Failure.

24 Luminal Nutrient Factors in Intestinal Adaptation and Their Use in Therapy: Jon A. Vanderhoof (Children’s Hospital, Boston) and Rosemary J. Young (Boys Town National Research Hospital).

25 The Role of Humoral Factors in Intestinal Adaptation: Jennifer N. Woodard (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) and Kelly A. Tappenden (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).

Part 6 Autologous Reconstruction of the GI Tract.

26 Autologous Reconstruction of the GI Tract: Debra Sudan (University of Nebraska).

Part 7 Organ Replacement Therapy for Intestinal Failure.

27 Intestinal Transplantation: Indications and Patient Selection: Kareem M. Abu-Elmagd (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center).

28 Isolated Small Bowel Transplantation and Combined Liver-Small Bowel Transplantation: Douglas G. Farmer (Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center).

29 Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation: Enrico Benedetti (University of Illinois at Chicago), Fabrizio Panaro (University of Illinois at Chicago) and Giuliano Testa (University of Chicago Medical Center).

30 Isolated Liver Transplantation for Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease: Jean F. Botha (University of Nebraska Medical Center) and Alan N. Langnas (University of Nebraska Medical Center).

31 Preservation of the Intestine: Vincent B. Nieuwenhuijs (University Medical Center Groningen), Mihai Oltean (Sahlgrenska University Hospital), Henri G. Leuvenink (University of Groningen) and Rutger J. Ploeg (University Medical Center Groningen).

32 Immediate Postoperative Care of the Intestinal Transplant Recipient: Gabriel J. Hauser (Georgetown University Children’s Medical Center), Jeffrey S. Plotkin (Georgetown University Hospital) and Thomas Fishbein (Georgetown University Hospital).

33 Surgical Complications of Intestinal Transplantation: Wendy J. Grant (University of Nebraska Medical Center).

34 Infections in Small Bowel Transplant Recipients: Alison Freifeld (University of Nebraska Medical Center) and Andre Kalil (University of Nebraska Medical Center).

35 Immunosuppression after Intestinal Transplantation: Raquel Garcia-Roca (University of Minnesota) and Rainer Gruessner (University of Arizona).

36 Immunology of Intestinal Allograft Rejection: Kenneth A. Newell (Emory University) and Jonathan P. Fryer (Feinberg School of Medicine).

37 Histopathology of Intestinal Transplantation: Tong Wu (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center) and Anthony J. Demetris (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center).

38 Long-Term Management of Intestinal Transplant Recipients: Frances R. Malone (Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center Seattle) and Simon P. Horslen (Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center Seattle).

39 Management of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease: Thomas G. Gross (The Ohio State University).

40 Results of Intestinal Transplantation: David R. Grant (University of Toronto) and Shimul A. Shah (University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center).

41 Psychosocial Assessment and Management of the Transplant Patient/Family in Intestinal Transplantation: Jodi Gentleman (The Nebraska Medical Center), Leonard W. Penkoski (University of Nebraska Medical Center).

and James H. Sorrell (Nebraska Medical Center).

42 Financial, Economic and Insurance Issues Pertaining to Intestinal Transplantation: When Is Too Much Not Enough?: Roger W. Evans (Consultant in Health Care Rochester).

Index