Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders, Fourth Edition

Alfred P. Fishman MD William Maul Measey Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center,Philadelphia, PA Jack A. Elias, MD Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Medicine,Chair, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine,New Haven, CT Jay A. Fishman, MD Associate Professor of Medicine,Harvard Medical School;Director, Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program,Massachusetts General Hospital;Associate Director, MGH Transplantation Center,Boston Michael A. Grippi, MD Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine,Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division,University of Pennsylvania Health System;Chief of Medicine, Philadelphia VA Medical Center,Philadelphia, PA Robert M. Senior, MD Dorothy R. and Hubert C. Moog Professor of Pulmonary Diseases in Medicine, Professor of Cell Biology and Physiology,Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, Mo Allan I. Pack MD, ChB, PhD Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, Director, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,Philadelphia, PA

Volume 1
PART I. PERSPECTIVES1. Milestones in the History of Pulmonary Medicine, Alfred P. FishmanPART II. SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF LUNG FUNCTIONIN HEALTH AND DISEASESection One. Architecture for Normal Lung Function2. Functional Design of the Human Lung for Gas Exchange, Matthias Ochs & Ewald R. Weibel3.The Respiratory Muscles, Marc Decramer4. The Genetic, Molecular, and Cellular Basis of Lung Development, Stijn DeLanghe, Pierre Del Moral, Denise Tefft, Saverio Bellusci, & David Warburton5. Development and Growth of the Lung, Johannes C. Schittny & Peter H. Burri6. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Airway Smooth Muscle Physiology and Pharmacology, Reynold A. Panettieri, Jr.7. Pulmonary Surfactant System and Alveolar Homeostasis, Jeffrey A. Whitsett & Ann D. Horowitz8. Transport Function of Airway Epithelia and Submucosal Glands, Paul B. McCray, Jr. & Michael J. WalshSection Two.Physiological Principles of Normal Lung Function9. Pulmonary Mechanics, Murray D. Altose10. Control of Ventilation, Neil S. Cherniack11. Ventilation, Pulmonary Blood Flow, and Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships, Peter D. Wagner12. Diffusion, Chemical Reactions, and Diffusing Capacity, Robert A. Klocke13. Blood-Gas Transport, Michael P. Hlastala, Erik R. Swenson, & Robert A. Klocke14. Acid-Base Balance, Stanley Goldfarb & Kumar Sharma
Section Three. The Lungs in Different Physiological States15.Exercise, Integration, and Adaptation, Alfred P. Fishman16. Breathing in Exercise, Brian J. Whipp & Susan A. Ward17.The Lungs in Pregnancy, Daniel B. Rosenbluth & John Popovish, Jr.18.Aging of the Respiratory System, Edward J. CampbellSection Four. Lung Immunology19.Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms against Infections, Herbert Y. Reynolds and Jack A. Elias20.Lymphocyte- and Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in the Lung, Frederic F. Little, Kevin C. Wilson, Jeffrey S. Berman, and David M. Center21.Mast Cells and Eosinophils, Edward S. Schulman and Peter H.S. Sporn22.Antibody-Mediated Lung Defenses and Humoral Immunodeficiency, David N. Weissman, Kenneth S. Landreth, and Nevin W. WilsonSection Five.Lung Injury and Repair23. Cytokines and Chemokines in Lung Inflammation and Injury, Robert M. Strieter, John A. Belperio, and Michael P. Keane24.Leukocyte Accumulation in Pulmonary Disease, Nicholas W. Lukas and Peter A. Ward25. Oxidative and Nitrosative Lung Injury, John D. Lang, Jr., Ian C. Davis, Rakesh P. Patel, and Sadis Matalon26.The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Moises Selman & Annie PardoPART III. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASESection Six. Clinical Approach to the Patient27. Approach to the Patient with Respiratory Symptoms, Darren B. Taichman and Alfred P. Fishmana28. Skin Disease in Patients with Pulmonary Disease, Jeffrey P. Callen29. Pulmonary-Systemic Interactions, Alfred P. FishmanSection Seven. Diagnostic Procedures30. Radiographic Evaluation of the Chest, Wallace T. Miller31. Pulmonary Cytopathology, Prabodh K. Gupta and Zubair W. Baloch32. Interventional Radiology in the Thorax: Nonvascular and Vascular Applications, Aalpen A. Patel and Scott O. Trerotola33. Scintigraphic Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease, Abass Alavi, Daniel F. Worsley, and Ghassan El-Haddad34.Pulmonary Function Testing, Michael A. Grippi and Gregory Tino35. Principles and Applications of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, Karl T. Weber and Ahmad Munir36. Bronchoscopy, Transthoracic Needle Aspiration, and Related Procedures, Anil Vachani, Luis Seijo, Michael Unger, and Daniel Sterman37. Thoracoscopy, Larry R. Kaiser38. Perioperative Respiratory Considerations, Horace M. DeLisser and Michael A. Grippi39. Evaluation of Impairment and Disability Due to Lung Disease, Paul E. EpsteinPART IV. OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASESSection Eight. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease40. Pathologic Features of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis, Joanne L. Wright and Andrew Churg41. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: EpidemiologyPathophysiology, and Pathogenesis, Robert M. Senior and Jeffrey J. Atkonson42.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical Course and Management, Robert A. Wise43. Cigarette Smoking and Disease, Stephen. I. Rennard, Lisa M. Hepp, and David M. Daughton44. Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other RespiratoryDisorders, Andrew L. RiesSection Nine: Asthma45. The Biology of Asthma, Sameer K. Mathur and William W. Busse46. Asthma: Epidemiology, Andrea J. Apter and Scott T. Weiss47. Aspirin- and Exercise-Induced Asthma, Gregory P. Geba48.Asthma: Clinical Presentation and Management, Rodolfo M. Pascual, JeRay J. Johnson, and Stephen P. Peteres49. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (Mycosis), Geoffrey Chupp and Carolyn L. RochesterSection Ten:Other Obstructive Disorders50. Upper Airway Obstruction in Adults, Sidney S. Braman and Muhanned A. Abu-Hijleh51. Cystic Fibrosis, Judith Voynow and Thomas F. Scanlin52. Bronchiolitis, Talmadge E. King, Jr. and Brent W. Kinder53. Bullous Disease of the Lungs, David M.F. Murphy and Alfred P. FishmanPART V. OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISORDERSSection Eleven: Occupational and Environmental Disorders54. Occupational Lung Disorders: General Principles and Approaches, Mridu Gulati and Carrie A. Redlich55. Asbestos-Related Lung Disease, William N. Rom56. Chronic Beryllium Disease and Hard-Metal Lung Diseases, Mary Elizabeth Kreider and Milton D. Rossman57. Coal Workers’ Lung Diseases and Silicosis, Edward L. Petsonk and John E. Parker58. Occupational Asthma, Byssinosis, and Industrial Bronchitis, J. Allen D. Cooper, Jr.59.Acute and Chronic Responses to Toxic Inhalations, Robert P. Dickson and David A. SchwartzSection Twelve. Environmental Disorders60. Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution, Jonathan M. Samet and Mark J. Utell61. High Altitude Physiology and Clinical Disorders, Sukhamay Lahiri, Santhosh M. Baby, and Camillo DiGiulio62. Diving Injuries and Air Embolism, James A. Clark63. Thermal Lung Injury and Acute Smoke Inhalation, Daniel L. Traber and Perenlei EnkhbaatarPART VI: DRUG-INDUCED LUNG DISEASES64. Pulmonary Toxicity Associated with Chemotherepeutic Agents, Lynn T. Tanoue and John R. McArdle65. Drug-Induced Lung Disease due to Nonchemotherapeutic Agents, Hilary C. Cain
PART VII: INTERSTITIAL AND INFLAMMATORY LUNG DISEASESSection Thirteen. Immunologic and Interstitial Diseases66. Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinical Overview and General Approach, Michael A. Nead and David G. Morris67. Systemic Sarcoidosis, David R. Moller68. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Eric B. Meltzer and Paul W. Noble69. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Richard I. Enelow70. Radiation Pneumonitis, Kenneth B. Roberts and Sara Rockwell71. Pulmonary Manifestations of the Collagen Vascular Diseases, Gregory P. Cosgrove and Marvin I. Schwarz72. The Eosinophilic Pneumonias, Kristina Crothers and Carolyn L. RochesterSection Fourteen. Depositional and Infiltrative Disorders73. Depositional Diseases of the Lungs, Robert J. Homer74. Pulmonary Langerhan's-Cell Histiocytosis, Talmadge E. King, Jr.75. Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Talmadge E. King, Jr.76. The Lungs in Patients with Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Masazuni Adachi and Francis A. CaccavoPART VIII. ALVEOLAR DISEASES77. Alveolar Hemorrhage Syndromes, Joseph P. Lynch, III and James W. Leatherman78. Mechanisms of Aspiration Disorders, Richard D. Zorowitz79. Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, Bruce C. Trapnell and Jonathan PuchalskiAppendixesAppendix A: Normal Values: Typical Values for a 20-Year-Old Seated ManAppendix B: Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyIndexPart Nine
DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Chapter 82
The Pulmonary Circulation
Chapter 83
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale
Chapter 84
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 85
Pulmonary Edema
Chapter 86
Pulmonary Vasculitis
Chapter 87
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
Part Ten
DISORDERS OF THE PLEURAL SPACE
Chapter 88
Pleural Fluid Dynamics and Effusions
Chapter 89
Nonmalignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 90
Malignant Pleural Effusions
Chapter 91
Pneumothorax
Chapter 92
Malignant Mesothelioma and Other Primary Pleural Tumors
Part Eleven
DISEASES OF THE MEDIASTINUM
Chapter 93
The Mediastinum: Overview, Anatomy, and Diagnostic Approach
Chapter 94
Nonneoplastic Disorders of the Mediastinum
Chapter 95
Congenital Cy
sts of the Mediastinum: Bronchopulmonary Foregut Anomalies
Chapter 96
Acquired Lesions of the Mediastinum: Benign and Malignant
Part Twelve
DISORDERS OF THE CHEST WALL, DIAPHRAGM, AND SPINE
Chapter 97
Nonmuscular Diseases of the Chest Wall
Chapter 98
Effects of Neuromuscular Diseases on Ventilation
Chapter 99
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases
Part Thirteen
SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS
Chapter 100
The Stages of Sleep
Chapter 101
Changes in the Cardiorespiratory System during Sleep
Chapter 102
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Chapter 103
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sleepiness
Part Fourteen
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF PULMONARY MEDICINE
Chapter 104
Perioperative Care of the Patient Undergoing Lung Resection
Chapter 105
Thoracic Trauma
Chapter 106
Lung Transplantation
Part Fifteen
NEOPLASMS OF THE LUNGS
Section 15
Cancer of the Lungs
Chapter 107
Genetic and Molecular Changes of Human Lung Cancer
Chapter 108
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer
Chapter 109
Cigarette Smoking and Health Policy
Chapter 110
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A Systemic Approach
Chapter 111
The Pathology of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Chapter 112
Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer—Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Staging, andNatural History
Chapter 113
Part I: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Surgical
Part II: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Chemotherapy
Part III: Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 114
Small Cell Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Natural History
Chapter 115
Primary Lung Tumors Other Than Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Benign and Malignant
Chapter 116
Extrapulmonary Syndromes Associated with Lung Tumors
Chapter 117
Pulmonary Metastases
Section 16
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 118
Lymphoproliferative and Hematologic Diseases Involving the Lung
Part Sixteen
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LUNGS
Section 17
General Issues
Chapter 119
Microbial Flora and Colonization of the Respiratory Tract
Chapter 120
Pulmonary Clearance of Infectious Agents
Chapter 121
Approach to the Patient with Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 122
Principles of Antibiotic Use and the Selection of Empiric Therapy for Pneumonia
Chapter 123
Local Therapy and Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in the Lungs
Chapter 124
Vaccination for Pulmonary Infections
Chapter 125
Microbial Virulence Factors in Pulmonary Infections
Section 18
Pulmonary Infectious Syndromes
Chapter 126
Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Chapter 127
Acute Bronchitis and Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Chapter 128
Pneumonia in Childhood
Chapter 129
Aspiration Disease and Anaerobic Infection
Chapter 130
Empyema and Lung Abscess
Chapter 131
Mediastinitis
Chapter 132
Bronchiectasis
Chapter 133
Systemic Infection, the Sepsis Syndrome, and the Lungs
Section 19
Special Hosts and Opportunistic Infections
Chapter 134
Introduction: Pulmonary Infection in Special Hosts
Chapter 135
HIV Infection and Opportunistic Pulmonary Infections in AIDS
Chapter 136
Pulmonary Infections in Neutropenia and Cancer
Chapter 137
Respiratory Disease in Bone Marrow and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Chapter 138
Pneumonia in the Organ Transplant Patient
Chapter 139
Pulmonary Infections in Patients with Primary Immune Defects
Chapter 140
Postoperative Pneumonia
Chapter 141
Respiratory Infections in the Economically Disadvantaged
Section 20
Specific Microorganisms
Chapter 142
Pneumonias Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria
Chapter 143
Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections and Gram-Negative Pneumonia
Chapter 144
Legionellosis
Chapter 145
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and “Atypical Pneumonias”
Chapter 146
Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis
Chapter 147
Aspergillus Syndromes, Mucormycosis,and Pulmonary Candidiasis
Chapter 148
Endemic Mycoses of North America: Histoplasmosis, Coccidioidomycosis, andBlastomycosis
Chapter 149
Cryptococcal Infections
Chapter 150
Pneumocystis Carinii
Chapter 151
Viral Infections of the Lung and Respiratory Tract
Chapter 152
The Lung in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chapter 153
Emerging Infectious Diseases and Hantavirus Pulmonary SyndromevChapter 154
Poliovirus and Other Enterovirus Infections
Chapter 155
Protozoan Infections of the Thorax
Chapter 156
Helminthic Diseases of the Lungs
Chapter 157
Zoonotic and Other Unusual Bacterial Pneumonias
Section 21
Mycobacterial Infections
Chapter 158
The Epidemiology, Transmission, and Prevention of Tuberculosis in the United States
Chapter 159
The Microbiology of the Mycobacteria
Chapter 160
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Chapter 161
Screening for Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in High-Risk Populations
Chapter 162
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Tuberculosis
Chapter 163
Mycobacterial Infections and HIV Infection
Chapter 164
Diseases due to Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Part Seventeen
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Section 22
Lung Failure
Chapter 165
Respiratory Failure: An Overview
Chapter 166
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:Pathogenesis
Chapter 167
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Features, Management, and Outcome
Chapter 168
The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
Chapter 169
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Premature Newborn Infants
Chapter 170
Acute Respiratory Failure in the Surgical Patient
Section 23
Respiratory Pump Failure
Chapter 171
Pump Failure: The Pathogenesis of Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patientswith Lung and Chest Wall Disease
Section 24
Management and Therapeutic Interventions
Chapter 172
Oxygen Therapy and Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
Chapter 173
Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy
Chapter 174
Intubation and Upper Airway Management
Chapter 175
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Monitoring in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 176
Mechanical Ventilation: Conventional Modes and Settings
Chapter 177
Mechanical Ventilation: Physiological Considerations and New Ventilatory Techniques
Chapter 178
Nutrition in Acute Respiratory Failure
Chapter 179
Treatment of Agitation and Distress in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Chapter 180
Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 181
Ethics in the Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 182
Prevention and Control of Lung Disease
APPENDIXES
Appendix A
Respiratory Questionnaire
Appendix B
Normal ValuesB-1
Appendix C
Terms and Symbols in Respiratory PhysiologyC-1
INDEXI-1