The Ascites and Renal Dysfunction

SECTION I: CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ASCITES AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN LIVER DISEASES 1 Historical notes on ascites and renal dysfunction in cirrhosis 2 Characteristics of cirrhotic ascites 3 Clinical disorders of renal function in cirrhosis with ascites 4 Clinical disorders of renal function in fulminant hepatic failure 5 Renal failure in obstructive jaundice 6 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhosis 7 Etiology, diagnosis and management of non-cirrhotic ascites SECTION II: REGULATION OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME AND RENAL AND SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION 8 Extracellular fluid volume homeostasis 9 Physiology of the renal circulation 10 Physiology of the splanchnic and hepatic circulations SECTION III: FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF RENAL DYSFUNCTION AND ASCITES IN CIRRHOSIS 11 The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis 12 The sympathetic nervous system in cirrhosis 13 Antidiuretic hormone in cirrhosis 14 Atrial natriuretic and nonatrial natriuretic hormones in cirrhosis 15 Renal arachidonic acid metabolites, renal kallikrein-kinin system and renal and cardiovascular function in cirrhosis 16 Nitric oxide and systemic and renal hemodynamic disturbances in cirrhosis 17 Endothelin and systemic renal and hepatic hemodynamic disturbances in cirrhosis SECTION IV: SYSTEMIC AND SPLANCHNIC HEMODYNAMIC DERANGEMENTS IN CIRRHOSIS 18 The systemic circulation in cirrhosis 19 The splanchnic circulation in cirrhosis 20 Alterations of hepatic and splanchnic microvascular exchange in cirrhosis: local factors in the formation of ascites SECTION V: EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION AND CIRRHOSIS WITH ASCITES 21 Experimental models in the investigation of portal hypertension 22 Renal dysfunction and ascites in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis 23 Bacterial infection of the ascitic fluid in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis: an experimental model of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis SECTION VI: PATHOGENESIS OF ASCITES AND RENAL AND CIRCULATORY DYSFUNCTION IN CIRRHOSIS 24 Pathogenesis of ascites formation in cirrhosis: the peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis SECTION VII: THERAPY OF ASCITES AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN CIRRHOSIS 25 Natural history and prognostic factors of cirrhosis with ascites 26 Medical treatment of ascites in cirrhosis 27 Treatment of ascites by paracentesis 28 Treatment of refractory ascites 29 Treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis 30 Drug-induced renal failure in cirrhosis 31 Liver transplantation in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with ascites 32 Treatment and prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.