Handbook of Dialysis Therapy

Dr. Richard E. Fine received his Bachelor's and PhD degrees in Biochemistry from University of California at Berkeley and Brandeis University respectively. He then was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Francis Crick and Sydney Brenner at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, U.K. During this period he and his colleague, Dennis Bray provided the first evidence for actin in growing neurons. Dr. Fine became an Assistant Professor of Physiology and Biochemistry at Boston University School of Medicine and demonstrated the existence of actin regulatory molecules, tropomyosin and troponin C in growing neurons, and he subsequently became interested in the role of clathrin coated vesicles in endocytic and exocytic processes in neurons and in other tissues. He also isolated and characterized vasopressin receptors, demonstrated for the first time that a large molecular, transferrin, can cross the blood brain barrier. Our lab in collaboration with Dr. Ken Kosik were the first to show that an antisense oligonucleotide can be used in vivo to block the synthesis of a single protein. Using the rabbit retina we were able to show that an antisense nucleotide against the kinesin mRNA can block the critical role of kinesin in the transport of synaptic vesicles, neuropeptide containing vesicles and vesicles destined for the plasma membrane. In recent years Dr. Fine's laboratory has focused on the role of the amyloid beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease especially in brain capillary endothelium. Also he has recently focused on the role of a mutant protein VPS35, a component of the retromer in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. During his career he has received over $25,000,000 in grant funding, have served on both NIH and VA review panels and authored or co-authored over 100 research papers.

Section 1 DEMOGRAPHICS 1Demographics, Allan Collins Section 2VASCULAR ACCESS FOR HEMODIALYSIS 2Temporary Vascular Access for Hemodialysis, John J. White, Matthew J. Oliver, and Steve J. Schwab 3Evaluation for Vascular Access Dysfunction, David Windus 4Vascular Access for Hemodialysis, Peter F. Lawrence 5Major Complications from Vascular Access for Chronic Hemodialysis, Jeffrey L. Kaufman 6Dialysis Access Recirculation, Richard A. Sherman and Toros Kapoian Section 3PERITONEAL ACCESS DEVICES 7Peritoneal Access Devices and Placement Techniques, Stephen R. Ash 8Complications of Acute Peritoneal Catheter Insertion, Anthony R. Zappacosta Section 4 MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF DIALYSIS 9Water Treatment Equipment for In-Center Hemodialysis: Including Verification of Water Quality and Disinfection, Richard A. Ward 10Single-Patient Hemodialysis Machines, Richard A. Ward 11Single Needle Dialysis, Matthias Kraemer 12Safety Monitors in Hemodialysis, Joanne D. Pittard 13Methods of Hemodialysis Anticoagulation, Patrick H. Pun and Eugene C. Kovalik 14Home Preparation and Installation for Home Hemodialysis, Christopher R. Blagg and Connie Anderson 15Peritoneal Dialysis Cyclers and other Mechanical Devices, Jose A. Diaz-Buxo Section 5DIALYZERS 16 Choosing the Dialyser Technical and Clinical Considerations, Nicholas A. Hoenich and Claudio Ronco 17Biocompatibility of Dialysis Membranes, Nicholas A Hoenich and Claudio Ronco Section 6KINETIC MODELING IN HEMODIALYSIS 18Urea Kinetic Modeling to Guide Hemodialysis Therapy in Adults, Frank A. Gotch 19Simplified Formulas and Nomograms for Monitoring Hemodialysis Adequacy, Richard A. Sherman and Robert Hootkins Section 7IMPROVING OUTCOMES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS 20Quality, Safety, and Accountability, Jay B. Wish 21Initiation of Dialysis Therapy, Scott G. Satko and John M. Burkart 22Daily (quotidian) Hemodialysis, Andreas Pierratos, Chris Chan, and Phil McFarlane 23NKF-K/DOQI (DOQI): Key Recommendations, Adeera Levin and Mike Rocco Section 8THE HEODIALYSIS PROCEDURE 24Cannulation of Hemodialysis Vascular Access: Science and Art, Leslie C. Dinwiddie 25Isolated Ultrafiltration, John J. White, Laura L. Mulloy, Ralph J. Caruana, and Todd S. Ing Section 9COMPLICATIONS DURING HEMODIALYSIS 26Common Clinical Problems during Hemodialysis, Peter Kotanko and Nathan W. Levin 27Hemodialysis-Associated Seizure Activity, Neenoo Khosla 28Arrhythmias in Hemodialysis Patients, Claudio Rigatto and Patrick S. Parfrey 29Prevention and Therapeutic Management of Bleeding in Dialysis Patients, Paola Boccardo, Miriam Galbusera, and Giuseppe Remuzzi 30Hemolysis during Hemodialysis, Ramin Sam, Leila Haghighat, Carl M. Kjellstrand, and Todd S. Ing Section 10REUSE OF HEMODIALYZERS 31Methods and Complications of Dialyzer Reuse, John K. Leypoldt Section 11ALTERNATIVE HEMODIALYTIC TECHNIQUES 32Clinical Application of High-Efficiency Hemodialysis, Gerald Schulman 33Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies: CAVH, CVVH, CAVHD, CVVHD and CVVHDF, Andre A. Kaplan 34The Allient(R) Sorbent Hemodialysis System, Warren Shapiro 35Convective Renal Replacement Therapies for Acute Renal Failure and End-Stage Renal Disease, Jeffrey J. Letteri, Claudio Ronco, Zhongping Huang, Dayong Gao, and William R. Clark Section 12 PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: CLINICAL PRACTICE 36Determination of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) Prescriptions, Scott G. Satko and John M. Burkart 37Tidal Peritoneal Dialysis, Zbylut J. Twardowski 38Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions, Declan de Freitas and Alastair Hutchison 39Lymphatics, Peritoneal Fluid Losses and Peritoneal Dialysis, Ramesh Khanna Section 13PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS 40Abnormalities of Host Defense Mechanisms during Peritoneal Dialysis, Clifford J. Holmes 41Peritoneal Catheter Exit-Site and Tunnel Infections, Zbylut J. Twardowski 42Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients, Philip Kam-Tao Li, Chi-Bon Leung, Cheuk-Chun Szeto Section 14PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: NONINFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS 43Apparently Inadequate Peritoneal Membrane Function for Solute Removal, Zbylut J. Twardowski 44Ultrafiltration Failure and Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS), Dana Negoi and Ramesh Khanna 45Hypotension in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients, Ramesh Khanna 46Abdominal Catastrophes, Peritoneal Eosinophilia, and Other Unusual Events in Peritoneal Dialysis, Rajnish Mehrotra and Pranay Kathuria Section 15PERITONEAL DIALYSIS: INTRA-ABDOMINALPRESSURE-RELATED COMPLICATIONS 47 Abdominal Hernias in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, Michael H. Schwenk, Bruce S. Spinowitz, and Chaim Charytan 48Dialysate Leaks, Michael H. Schwenk, Chaim Charytan, and Bruce S. Spinowitz 49Hydrothorax and Peritoneal Dialysis, Michael H. Schwenk, Bruce S. Spinowitz, and Chaim Charytan Section 16ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS 50Acid-Base Homeostasis in Dialysis, F. John Gennari Section 17NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF DIALYSIS PATIENTS 51Nutritional Therpy in Maintenance Hemodialysis, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh 52Nutritional Management in Peritoneal Dialysis, Robert M. Lindsay and Evelyn Spanner 53Parenteral Nutrition in Patients undergoing Maintenance Dialysis, Denis Fouque and Raymond Vanholder Section 18GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE 54Liver Disease in Dialysis Patients, Fabrizio Fabrizi, Suphamai Bunnapradist, and Paul Martin 55Ascites in Dialysis Patients, Alf M. Tannenberg Section 19THE HIV-INFECTED PATIENT 56Care of the HIV-infected Dialysis Patient, Rudolph A. Rodriguez Section 20ANEMIA AND EPOETIN USE 57Anemia in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease, Rebecca Schmidt and Anatole Besarab 58Epoetin Use in Hemodialysis Patients, Arthur Tsai and Jeffrey S. Berns 59Treatment of Anemia in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients, Curtis A. Johnson, Maureen Wakeen, and Stephen W. Zimmerman 60Hypertension and Epoetin Use in Dialysis Patients, Nosratola D. Vaziri and M. V. Pahl 61Epoetin and Iron Deficiency, Rajiv Agarwal 62Refractoriness to Recombinant Human Epoetin (rHuEPO) Treatment, John C. Stivelman 63Erythropoietin and Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease, Steven D. Weisbord and Paul L. Kimmel 64Target Hemoglobin, Mitchell H. Rosner and W. Kline Bolton Section 21CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 65Hypertension in Chronic Dialysis Patients, Lionel U. Mailloux 66Management of Ischemic Heart Disease, Heart Failure and Pericarditis in Hemodialysis Patients, Sean W. Murphy and Patrick S. Parfrey Section 22METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES 67Management of Hyperlipidemia in Chronic Dialysis Patients, Ziad A. Massy and William F. Keane 68 Abnormalities of Thyroid Function in Chronic Dialysis Patients, Elaine M. Kaptein 69 Metabolic Abnormalities: Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction, Biff F. Palmer Section 23NEUROLOGIC ASPECTS OF UREMIA 70Management of Uremic Peripheral Neuropathy, Morrell Michael Avram and Neal Mittman 71Electroencephalography in the Evaluation of Neurologic Function, Warren S. Brown 72Impact of Anemia and Its Correction on Brain Function, Allen R. Nissenson Section 24UREMIC OSTEODYSTROPHY 73Differential Diagnosis of Renal Osteodystrophy, Pouneh Nouri, Bijan Nikakhtar, and Francisco Llach 74Phosphate Binders, L. Kooienga, A. Bellasi, and G.A. Block 75Use of Vitamin D Sterols in Patients with ESRD, Kevin J. Martin and Esther A. Gonzalez 76Aluminum-Related Bone Disease in Dialysis Patients, William G. Goodman 77Management of Aluminum Toxicity, Antonios H. Tzamaloukas and Dominic Raj 78Parathyroidectomy, Phuong-Chi T. Pham and Phuong-Thu T. Pham Section 25DIALYSIS AMYLOIDOSIS 79Dialysis Amyloidosis, Sergio R. Acchiardo Section 26ACQUIRED CYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE 80Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease, Margaret MacDougall Section 27DIABETES 81End Stage Renal Failure in the Diabetic Patient, Jeffrey Giullian and Anthony Langone 82Choice of Insulin Administration Route in Diabetic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients, Jose A. Diaz-Buxo and Terri L. Crawford-Bonadio Section 28DRUG USE IN UREMIA 83Principles of Drug Usage in Dialysis Patients. Ali J. Olyaei and William M. Bennett Section 29REHABILITATION AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES 84Physical Activity and Functioning in Dialysis Patients, Patricia Painter 85Rehabilitation of Adult Dialysis Patients: Physical, Psychosocial, and Vocational, John H. Sadler 86Ethical Considerations in the Care of Dialysis Patients, Charles Foulks Section 30PEDIATRIC DIALYSIS 87Vascular Access in Children, D. L. Cass 88Infant Hemodialysis, Eileen N. Ellis 89Urea Kinetic Modeling to Prescribe Hemodialysis in Children, Avram Z. Traum and Michael J.G. Somers 90Anticoagulation in Children on Hemodialysis, Elizabeth Harvey and Daljit K. Hothi 91Peritoneal Catheter Placement in Children, Mary L. Brandt and Eileen D. Brewer 92Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Orders, Karen Tipton, Suzanne White, and Mark Benfield 93Nutritional Management of Children on Peritoneal Dialysis, Ashley A. Perilloux and Isidro B. Salusky 94Infant and Neonatal Peritoneal Dialysis, Alicia M. Neu 95Dialysis in Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Franz Schaefer 96Psychosocial Adjustment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with ESRD, Erik Qvist, Kai Ronnholm, and Christer Holmberg 97Growth in Children with ESRD, Steven J. Wassner 98Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis in Pediatric Patients, Vimal Chadha and Bradley A. Warady 99PET in Pediatric Patients, Cornelis H. Schroder 100CRRT in Pediatric Patients, Carl H. Cramer II and Patrick D. Brophy 101Prevention and Treatment of Bone Disease in Pediatric Dialysis Patients, Cheryl P. Sanchez 102Management of Anemia in Children on Dialysis, Amira Al-Uzri 103Assessing Quality of Life in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Dialysis, Stuart L. Goldstein 104Immunization in Children Undergoing Dialysis, Jodi M. Smith and Janet A. Englund 105Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Complications, Mark M. Mitsnefes Section 31SURGERY 106Surgery in ESRD Patients, Michael J. Moritz and Vincent T. Armenti Section 32THE PREGNANT PATIENT 107Pregnancy in Dialysis Patients, Susan Hou Section 33 DRUG OVERDOSE 108Treatment of Poisoning with Extracorporeal Methods, James F. Winchester, Nikolas Harbord, Donald A. Feinfeld