Student Workbook for Pearson's Comprehensive Dental Assisting

CONTENTS

Unit One Introduction to the Field of Dentistry

Chapter 1 History of Dentistry

Early Times

The Renaissance

Early America

Educational and Professional Development in the United States

Community Dental Health Program

Chapter 2 The Dental Team

Dental Assistant

Credential, Professional Growth, and Development

Dentist

Dental Specialist

Registered Dental Hygienist

Dental Laboratory Technician

Support Staff in the Dental Office

Chapter 3 Dental Ethics and Law

Ethical Principles in Dentistry

Professional Code of Ethics

State Dental Practice Act

Dental Jurisprudence

Risk Management

Confidentiality

Dentist-Patient Relationship

The Patient Record

Unit Two Dental Sciences

Chapter 4 General Anatomy and Physiology

Planes and Body Directions

Structural Units

Body Cavities

Body Regions

Introduction to Major Body Systems

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

Nervous System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Endocrine System

Urinary System

Integumentary System

Reproductive System

The Interaction of the Eleven Systems of the Body

Chapter 5 Head and Neck Anatomy

Regions of the Head

Bones of the Skull

Muscles of the Face and Oral Cavity

Lymph Nodes of the Face and Neck

Nerves of the Face and Neck

Circulatory System of the Face and Neck

Chapter 6 The Face and Oral Cavity

Landmarks of the Face

The Oral Cavity

The Oral Cavity Proper

Oral Cancer and Other Conditions

Chapter 7 Oral Embryology and Histology

Oral Embryology

Formation and Growth of the Teeth

Supporting Structures

Chapter 8 Tooth Development

Histology of Tooth Development

Hard Tissues of the Teeth

Formulation of the Periodontium

Dentition Periods

Chapter 9 Dental Charting

Dental Arches

Dentition Periods

Types and Functions of Teeth

Tooth Surfaces

The Morphology of Teeth

Angles and Divisions

Stabilization of the Maxillary and Mandibular Arches

Tooth Numbering Systems

Cavity Classification

Dental Charting Procedures

Chapter 10 Oral Pathology

Diseases and Conditions Affecting the Oral Cavity

Oral Lesions

Conditions of the Tongue

Oral Conditions due to HIV and AIDS

Miscellaneous Disorders

Chapter 11 Microbiology

Pioneers in Microbiology

Major Groups of Microorganisms

Viral Diseases

Bacterial Diseases

Unit Three Oral Health and Prevention

Chapter 12 Dental Disease and Infection Control

The Chain of Infection

The Immune System

Disease Transmission in the Dental Office

Roles and Responsibilities of the CDC and OSHA in Infection Control

Exposure Control Plan

Procedure 12-1: Disinfecting a Treatment Room

Procedure 12-2: Placing and Removing Surface Barriers

Infection Control Practices

Procedure 12-3: CDC Recommendations for Hand Asepsis and Hand Washing

Waste Management in the Dental Office

Additional Infection Control Practices

Procedure 12-4: Infection Control in the Darkroom

Procedure 12-5: Infection Control with a Daylight Loader

Special Considerations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Chapter 13 Dental Caries

The Caries Process

The Importance of Saliva

Diagnosis of Caries

Methods of Caries Intervention

Risk Assessment of Caries

Chapter 14 Periodontal Disease

Structure of the Periodontium

Prevalence of Periodontal Disease

Types of Periodontal Disease

Oral Conditions Linked to Periodontal Disease

Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Systemic Conditions Linked to Periodontal Disease

Risk for Periodontal Disease

Chapter 15 Oral Health

Patient Education

Fluoride

Procedure 15-1: Applying a Topical Fluoride

Nutrition and Dental Caries

Plaque Control Program

Chapter 16 Oral Nutrition

Functions of Six Major Nutrients

Diet Modification

Diet Analysis

Reading Food Labels

Eating Disorders

Healthy Eating Habits

Chapter 17 Instrument Processing and Sterilization

Introduction to Instrument Processing

Classification of Patient Care Items

Transporting and Processing Contaminated Patient Care Items

Instrument Processing Area

Procedure 17-1: Processing Contaminated Instruments

Precleaning Instruments

Procedure 17-2: Operating the Ultrasonic Cleaner

Procedure 17-3: Testing the Ultrasonic Cleaner

Packaging and Storing of Materials

Sterilization Monitoring

Procedure 17-4: Performing Biological Monitoring

Methods of Sterilization

Procedure 17-5: Operating the Autoclave

Procedure 17-6: Operating the Chemical Vapor Sterilizer

Sterilization Failures

Handpiece Sterilization

Procedure 17-7: Sterilizing Handpieces

Chapter 18 Occupational Health and Safety

Types of Safety Standards

Hazardous Chemicals

Waste Handling and Disposal

Chapter 19 Dental Unit Waterlines

Introduction to Dental Unit Waterlines

History of Waterline Quality

Biofilm

Methods of Reducing Bacterial Contamination

Infection Control and Dental Unit Water

Unit Four Caring for the Dental Patient

Chapter 20 The Dental Office

Dental Office Setting

Administrative and Reception Area

Dentist's Private Office

Dental Staff Lounge

Daily Routine Office Care

Procedure 20-1: Opening the Dental Office

Procedure 20-2: Closing the Dental Office

Clinical Treatment Rooms

Clinical Equipment

Central Sterilization Area

Dental Laboratory Area

Chapter 21 Examination and Treatment Planning

Patient Record and Confidentiality

Creating and Maintaining the Patient Record

Patient Record Forms

Obtaining the Health History

Exam and Diagnostic Techniques

Procedure 21-1: Preparing the Patient for the Extra and Intra oral Dental Examinations

Clinical Examination of the Patient

Documentation of the Dental Examination

Charting

Care Plan Formulation

Documentation of Dental Treatment

Chapter 22 Caring for the Dental Patient

Establishing Patient Rapport

Reviewing the Patient Record

Preparing the Treatment Area

Greeting and Seating the Patient

Assessing Patient Needs

The Rights of All Patients

The Role of the Dental Assistant

Caring for Patients with Special Needs

Chapter 23 Obtaining Vital Signs

Factors that Affect Vital Signs

Body Temperature

Procedure 23-1: Taking Temperature Orally

Blood Pressure

Procedure 23-2: Measuring Blood Pressure

Pulse

Respiration

Procedure 23-3: Taking Pulse and Respirations

Unit Five Basic Dental Clinical Skills

Chapter 24 Dental Instruments

Identifying Hand Instruments

Instrument Classifications

Rotary Equipment

Instrument Systems

Chapter 25 Ergonomics

Ergonomics in the Dental Office

Posture

Injuries Sustained by Dental Assistants

Muscle Strengthening Exercises

Four-Handed Dentistry

Motion Economy

Operating Zones

The Expanded Functions Dental Assistant

Chapter 26 Moisture Control

Oral Evacuation Systems

Procedure 26-1: Placing the High-Volume Evacuator Tips

Rinsing the Oral Cavity

Procedure 26-2: Performing a Limited Mouth Rinse

Procedure 26-3: Performing a Complete Mouth Rinse

Isolation of Teeth

The Dental Dam

Dental Dam Placement and Removal

Procedure 26-4: Placing a Dental Dam

Procedure 26-5: Removing a Dental Dam

Procedure 26-6: Placing a Quick Dam

Special Applications of the Dental Dam

Chapter 27 Pharmacology

Overview of Drugs

Categories of Drugs

Drug Reference Materials

Drug Administration

Controlled Substances Act

Classification of Drugs

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Adverse Drug Effects

Chapter 28 Anesthesia and Pain Control

Local and Topical Anesthetic Agents

Procedure 28-1: Application of Topical Anesthetic

Injection Techniques

Local Anesthetic Setup

Procedure 28-2: Assembling the Local Anesthetic Syringe

Procedure 28-3: Assisting in the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Complications and Precautions

Electronic Anesthesia

Inhalation Sedation

Procedure 28-4: Assisting in the Administration and Monitoring of Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen

Sedation

Antianxiety Agent

Intravenous Sedation

General Anesthesia

Documentation of Anesthesia and Pain Control

Unit Six Assisting with Dental Procedures

Chapter 29 Dental Radiography

Discovery of X-Radiation

The Dental X-ray Unit

The Production of X-rays

Radiation Effects

Radiation Measurement

Radiation Safety

Operator Protection

Controlling Radiation

Radiation Image Characteristics

Chapter 30 Dental Film and Processing Radiographs

Dental Film Holders

Dental X-ray Film

Types of Film

Film Storage

Film Speed

Film Processing

Processing Errors

Legal Considerations in Dental Radiography

Quality Assurance in Dental Radiography

Infection Control in Dental Radiography

Procedure 30-1: Manual Dental Film Processing and Infection Control

Procedure 30-2: Automatic Dental Film Processing and Infection Control

Chapter 31 Intraoral Radiographic Procedures

Intraoral X-ray Techniques

Procedure 31-1:Patient Preparation for Intraoral Radiographs

Paralleling Technique

Procedure 31-2:Assembly of the XCP Paralleling Device

Periapical Radiographs Using the Paralleling Technique

Procedure 31-3: Full Mouth Radiographs Using the Paralleling Technique

Bisecting Angle Technique

Bitewing Technique

Occlusal Radiographs

Patients with Special Needs

Positioning Difficulties Encountered with Intraoral Radiography

Technical Errors in Intraoral Radiography

Mounting Intraoral Radiographs

Procedure 31-4:Mounting Intraoral Radiographs

Chapter 32 Extraoral and Digital Radiographic Procedures

Panoramic Radiography

Other Extraoral Radiography

Digital Radiography

Chapter 33 Restorative and Esthetic Dental Materials

Standards of Dental Materials

Properties of Dental Materials

Restorations

Procedure 33-1:Mixing, Placing and Carving of Dental Amalgam

Procedure 33-2:Chemical Preparation, Placement, Curing and Finishing of Composite

Resins

Procedure 33-3:Preparing and Delivering Intermediate Restorative Material

Procedure 33-4: Preparing and Delivering of Provisional Restorative Material

Chapter 34 Dental Liners, Bases, and Bonding Systems

Cavity Preparations

Supplemental Dental Materials and Applications

Pulpal Stimuli and Responses

Dental Liners

Procedure 34-1:Application Process of Calcium Hydroxide Liner

Procedure 34-2: Application Process of Glass Ionomer Liner

Procedure 34-3: Application Process of Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement Liner (ZOE)-Two Paste

System

Varnishes

Procedure 34-4: Application Process for Dental Varnishes

Dentin Sealer

Procedure 34-5: Application Process for Dentin Sealers

Dental Bases

Procedure 34-6: Application Process for Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement Base (ZOE)

Procedure 34-7: Application Process for Zinc Phosphate

Procedure 34-8: Application Process for Polycarboxylate Cement Base

Dental Bonding

Procedure 34-9: Application Process for Dental Acid Etchant

Dentin Bonding

Enamel Bonding

Procedure 34-10: Application Process for Dental Bonding

Chapter 35 Dental Cements

Classification of Dental Cements

Types of Cements

Procedure 35-1:Mixing ZOE TYPE I - Temporary Cement

Procedure 35-2:Mixing ZOE Type II for Permanent Cementation

Procedure 35-3:Mixing Zinc Phosphate for Permanent Cementation

Procedure 35-4:Mixing Polycarboxylate Cement

Procedure 35-5:Mixing Glass Ionomer Cement

Procedure 35-6:Mixing Commercial Resin Cements

Removing Excess Cement

Procedure 35-7:Removing Excessive Cement

Chapter 36 Impression Materials

Types of Impressions

Impression Materials

Procedure 36-1:Alginate Impression Procedure

Procedure 36-2:Vinyl polysiloxane Cartridge Single Phase Impression Procedure

Procedure 36-3: Vinyl polysiloxane Bite Registration Procedure

Chapter 37 Laboratory Materials and Procedures

Safety in the Dental Laboratory

Dental Laboratory Equipment

Dental Laboratory Instruments

Diagnostic Cast Models

Pouring Dental Models

Procedure 37-1:Pouring Dental Models using the Inverted Pour Method

Trimming Dental Models

Procedure 37-2:Trimming Diagnostic Cast Models

Custom Impression Trays

Procedure 37-3:Constructing an Acrylic Custom Tray

Procedure 37-4: Visible Light Cure Impression Tray

Dental Waxes

Compound

Chapter 38 General Dentistry

Cavity Preparation

Restorations

Procedure 38-1:Assisting with a Class I Restoration

Procedure 38-2:Assisting with a Class II Restoration

Veneers and Bonding

Procedure 38-3:Assisting with a Chair-side Veneer

Tooth Whitening

Chapter 39 Matrix Systems for Restorative Dentistry

Posterior Matrix Systems

Procedure 39-1:Preparing the Tofflemire Matrix System

Procedure 39-2:Placement and Removal of Retainer, Matrix Band and Wedge for a Class II

Restoration by an Expanded Duties Dental Assistant

Anterior Matrix Systems

Procedure 39-3:Placement of a Clear Polyester Matrix for Class III and IV Restorations

Alternative Matrix Systems

Chapter 40 Fixed Prosthodontics

Treatment Planning

Indirect Restorations

Overview of a Crown Procedure

Procedure 40-1:Placement and Removal of Gingival Retraction Cord

Procedure 40-2:Assisting with a Crown or Bridge Restoration

Procedure 40-3:Assisting in the Cementation of a Fixed Prosthesis

Overview of a Bridge Procedure

Machined Restorations

Patient Instructions

Role of the Laboratory Technician

Chapter 41 Provisional Coverage

Criteria for Provisional Fabrication

Procedure 41-1:Custom Provisional Bridge Procedure

Procedure 41-2: Aluminum Shell Provisional Procedure

Provisional Restoration Materials

Home Care Instructions

Chapter 42 Removable Prosthodontics

History of Removable Dental Prosthesis

Factors Influencing the Choice

Removable Partial Denture

Procedure 42-1:Making a Final Impression for a Partial Denture

The Complete (Full) Denture

Immediate Dentures

Overdentures

Denture Relining

Denture Repairs

Denture Duplication

Chapter 43 Dental Implants

The Dental Implant Patient

Types of Implants

Preparation for Implants

Dental Implant Maintenance

The Future of Implants

Chapter 44 Endodontic Procedures

Causes of Pulpal Damage

Symptoms of Pulpal Damage

Endodontic Diagnosis

Endodontic Procedures

Instruments and Accessories

Medicaments and Materials in Endodontics

Overview of Endodontic Treatment

Procedure 44-1:Endodontic Procedure

Surgical Endodontics

Procedure 44-2:Apicoectomy and Retrograde Filling

Chapter 45 Periodontal Procedures

The Periodontal Practice

The Periodontal Examination

Periodontal Instruments

Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment (NSPT)

Surgical Periodontal Treatment

Lasers in Periodontics

Chapter 46 Oral Surgery Procedures

Indications for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

The Oral Surgeon

The Dental Surgical Assistant

The Surgical Setting

Specialized Instruments and Accessories

Surgical Asepsis

Procedure 46-1: Surgical Scrub

Procedure 46-2: Putting on Surgical Gloves

Surgical Preparation

Surgical Procedures

Sutures

Instructions for Patient Care

Post Surgical Complications

Chapter 47 Pediatric Dentistry Procedures

Pediatric Team

Pediatric Dental Office

The Pediatric Patient

Patient's with Special Needs

Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

Preventative Dentistry Procedures

Procedure 47-1: Fluoride Application