Principles of Health Care Ethics

Richard Edmund Ashcroft, Reader in Biomedical Ethics, Imperial College, London, UK. Angus Dawson, Director, Centre for Professional Ethics, University of Keele, UK. Heather Draper, Senior Lecturer in Healthcare Ethics, University of Birmingham, UK. John McMillan, Senior Lecturer in Medical Ethics, Hull-York Medical School, UK.

List of Contributors. Foreword by Raanan E. Gillon (Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London). Foreword by Tony Hope (Professor of Medical Ethics, University of Oxford). Preface. Part I: Methodology and Perspectives. Introduction (John R. McMillan). 1 The 'Four Principles' Approach to Health Care Ethics (Tom L. Beauchamp). 2 Theories of Autonomy (Natalie Stoljar). 3 Beneficence (Garrett Cullity). 4 Responsibilities for Poverty-Related Ill Health (Thomas W. Pogge). 5 Liberalism and Communitarianism (Colin Tyler). 6 How Many Principles for Bioethics? (Robert M. Veatch). 7 Casuistical Reasoning in Medical Ethics (Albert R. Jonsen). 8 Utilitarianism and Bioethics (Matti Hayry). 9 Deontology (David A. McNaughton and J. Piers Rawling). 10 Kantian Ethics (Onora O'Neill). 11 Feminist Approaches to Health Care Ethics (Susan Sherwin). 12 Virtue Theory (Justin Oakley). 13 Moral Relativism (Mark Sheehan). 14 Christian Approaches to Bioethics (Heather Widdows). 15 Judaism and Medicine: Jewish Medical Ethics (Fred Rosner). 16 The Search for Islamic Bioethics Principles (Abdulaziz Sachedina). 17 Buddhist Bioethics (James Hughes). 18 South Asian Approaches to Health Care Ethics (Harold Coward). 19 The Specious Idea of an Asian Bioethics: Beyond Dichotomizing East and West (Jing-Bao Nie). 20 Narrative Ethics (Howard Brody). 21 Empirical Approaches to Health Care Ethics (Jeremy Sugarman, Robert A. Pearlman and Holly A. Taylor). 22 Medical Sociology and the Redundancy of Empirical Ethics (Adam Hedgecoe). 23 The Use of Thought Experiments in Health Care Ethics (Adrian Walsh). 24 Deliberative Bioethics (Michael Parker). 25 Law, Ethics and Health Care (Sheila A.M. McLean). 26 Medical Humanities: An Overview (Martyn Evans). 27 Reflective Equilibrium as a Method in Health Care Ethics (Theo van Willigenburg). 28 Hermeneutic Ethics between Practice and Theory (Guy A.M. Widdershoven and Tineke A. Abma). 29 Paternalism in Health Care and Health Policy (James F. Childress). 30 Need: An Instrumental View (Anthony J. Culyer). 31 Rights (James G.S. Wilson). 32 Exploitation in Health Care (Alan Wertheimer). 33 Competence to Consent (Monique F. Jonas). 34 The Doctrine of Double Effect (Suzanne Uniacke). 35 Ordinary and Extraordinary Means (Stephen D. John). 36 Acts and Omissions (Tuija Takala). 37 Personhood and Moral Status (Ainsley J. Newson). 38 Commodification (Stephen Wilkinson). Part II: Issues in Health Care Practice. Introduction (Heather Draper). 39 Consent and Informed Consent (Neil C. Manson). 40 Treatment Decisions for Incapacitated Patients (Rebecca S. Dresser). 41 Children's Consent to Medical Treatment (David W. Archard). 42 Patients and Disclosure of Surgical Risk (Justin Oakley). 43 Confidentiality (Rebecca Bennett). 44 Truth-telling, Lying and the Doctor-Patient Relationship (Roger Higgs). 45 Personal Beliefs and Patient Care (Jennifer Jackson). 46 Conscience and Health Care Ethics (Piers Benn). 47 Care in Families (Hilde Lindemann). 48 The Ethics of Primary Health Care (Annettee J. Braunack-Mayer). 49 The Nurse-Patient Relationship: A 'rinciples plus Care'Account (Steven D. Edwards). 50 Dual Responsibilities: Do They Raise Any Different Ethical Issues than "Normal" Therapeutic Relationships? (Ann Sommerville and Veronica English). 51 Violent and Abusive Patients: An Ethically Informed Response (Graham M. Behr, J.S. Emmanuel and J. P. Ruddock). 52 The Moral Significance of the Human Foetus (Norman Ford). 53 Will We Need Abortion in Utopia? (Adrienne Asch). 54 Maternal-Foetal Conflict (Rosamund Scott). 55 Limits to Reproductive Liberty (Thomas H. Murray). 56 Disability without Denial (Tom Sorell). 57 Disability and Equality: Should Difference Be Welcomed? (Tom Shakespeare). 58 Genetic Counselling (Angus Clarke). 59 Ethics and Psychotherapy: An Issue of Trust (Tim Bond). 60 Mental Illness and Compulsory Treatment (John R. McMillan). 61 Personality Disorders and Compulsory Detention (Matt Matravers). 62 Labia Mea, Domine: Media, Morality and Eating Disorders (Simona Giordano). 63 Intellectual Disability (Pekka Louhiala). 64 Ethical Issues and Health Care for Older People (Julian C. Hughes). 65 Organs and Tissues for Transplantation and Research (David P.T. Price). 66 Living Donor Organ Transplantation (Timothy M. Wilkinson). 67 Euthanasia and Principled Health Care Ethics: From Conflict to Compromise? (Richard Huxtable). 68 Understanding and Misunderstanding Death (David Lamb). 69 Ethics without Boundaries: Medical Tourism (Guido Pennings). 70 Ethics of Performance Enhancement in Sport: Drugs and Gene Doping (Bennett Foddy and Julian Savulescu). 71 Training Good Professionals: Ethics and Health Care Education (Nafsika Athanassoulis). 72 Ethics Consultations and Ethics Committees (Anne Slowther). Part III: Medicine in Society. Introduction (Angus Dawson). 73 The Concepts of Health and Illness (Lennart Y. Nordenfelt). 74 Community in Public Health Ethics (Bruce Jennings). 75 Health Promotion, Society and Health Care Ethics (Alan Cribb). 76 Preventing Disease (Marcel Verweij). 77 Quantitative Methods for Priority-Setting in Health: Ethical Issues (Daniel Wikler, Dan W. Brock, Sarah Marchand, and Tessa Tan Torres). 78 Economics, Political Philosophy and Ethics: The Role of Public Preferences in Health Care Decision Making (Jeff Richardson and John McKie). 79 Decision Analysis: the Ethical Approach to Most Health Decision Making (Jack Dowie). 80 Health Inequities and the Social Determinants of Health (Wendy Rogers). 81 Organizational Ethics in Health Care (Jacob E. Kurlander and Marion Danis). 82 Ethical Issues in Epidemiology (Steven S. Coughlin). 83 Screening: Ethical Aspects (Niklas Juth and Christian Munthe). 84 Vaccination Ethics (Angus Dawson). 85 The Patient as Victim and Vector: Bioethics and the Challenge of Infectious Disease (Margaret P. Battin, Linda S. Carr-Lee, Leslie P. Francis, Jay A. Jacobson, and Charles B. Smith). 86 Bioterrorism, Society and Health Care Ethics (Michael J. Selgelid). 87 Drug Addiction, Society and Ethics (Wayne Hall and Adrian Carter). 88 Smoking: Is Acceptance of the Risks Fully Voluntary? (Robert E. Goodin). 89 Doctors and Human Rights (Doris Schroeder). 90 Duties to Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Host Countries' Medical Systems (Pascale Allotey, Hilary Pickles and Vanessa Johnston). 91 Medical Aid in Disaster Relief (Soren Holm). Part IV: Research Ethics and Ethics of New Technologies. Introduction (Richard E. Ashcroft). 92 The Ethics and Governance of Medical Research (Richard E. Ashcroft). 93 The Ethics of Animal Research (David DeGrazia). 94 The Ethical Requirement for Systematic Reviews for Randomized Trials (Mike Clarke). 95 Informed Consent for Research (James Flory, David Wendler and Ezekiel Emanuel). 96 Evaluating Benefits and Harms in Clinical Research (Paul B. Miller and Charles Weijer). 97 Patients' Obligations? (Simon Woods). 98 Standard of Care Owed to Participants in Clinical Trials: Different Standards in Different Countries? (Reidar K. Lie). 99 Justice and Priority Setting in International Health Care Research (Solomon R. Benatar). 100 Obligations of the Pharmaceutical Industry (Udo Schuklenk and Jim Gallagher). 101 Ethics and Medical Publishing (Richard Smith and Iain Chalmers). 102 Human Reproductive Cloning (D. Gareth Jones and Kerry A. Galvin). 103 Obtaining Human Eggs for Stem Cell Research: Ethical Issues (Heather Draper). 104 The Ethics of Xenotransplantation (Jonathan Hughes). 105 Pharmacogenomics (Ruth Chadwick). 106 Ethical Issues in Human Gene Transfer: A Historical Overview (Eric T. Juengst and Hannah Grankvist). 107 The Ethics of Ageing, Genetics and Immortality (Daniela Cutas and John Harris). 108 Ethical Issues of Enhancement Technologies (Ruud H.J. ter Meulen, Lisbeth Nielsen and Laurens Landeweerd). 109 Psychosurgery and Neuroimplantation: Changing What is Deep Within a Person (Grant Gillett). 110 Resisting Addiction: Novel Application of Vaccines (Andreas Hasman). Index.