The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex and Vertigo

Part 1 Clinical anatomy and physiology of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: the peripheral vestibular message; the vestibulo-ocular reflex - clinical anatomic and physiologic correlates; clinical test of the vestibulo-ocular reflex; the human vestibulo-ocular reflex after unilateral vestibular de-afferentation - the results of high-acceleration impulsive testing; ageing and equilibrium - the vestibulo-ocular reflex and posture. Part 2 The otolithic-ocular reflex: otolith-ocular reflexes; off-vertical axis rotational testing; the effects of unilateral vestibular de-afferentation on human otolith function; optokinetic afternystagmus and the otoliths; interactions between the angular and translational components of the VOR; testing otolith function - a simple approach; the ocular tilt reaction and skew deviation. Part 3 Smooth eye movements and visual vestibular interactions: smooth eye movements; the optokinetic system; visual and voluntary control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Part 4 Nystagmus: nystagmus - an overview; head-shaking nystagmus; congenital and other types of infantile nystagmus - recording, diagnosis and treatment; relationships among oscillopsia, the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and nystagmus; end point, gaze evoked, and rebound nystagmus. Part 5 Vertigo - diagnosis and treatment: pathology of the peripheral vestibular system; central versus peripheral vertigo; vertebrobasilar ischemia; vascular compression as a cause of incapacitating vertigo; psychogenic dizziness; ageing, imbalance, and falls; the vestibulospinal reflex and posturography; vestibular rehabilitation therapy - outpatient and postoperative programmes; benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - diagnosis and treatment; migraine and vertigo; immune-mediated diseases of the inner ear; Meniere's disease - diagnosis and management; perilymph fistulas.