Medical and Surgical Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases

Brendan C. Stack Jr., MD
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Springfield, IL, USA
 

Michael C. Singer, MD
Director, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Henry Ford Health
Detroit, MI, USA
 

David C. Shonka Jr., MD
Division of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA, USA

Part I. Parathyroid Medicine.- Hypercalcemia.- Classical Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Diagnosis.- The Natural History of Untreated Hyperparathyroidism.- Variants of Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Normohormonal and Normocalcemic.- Familial Hyperparathyroidism and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Types I and II: Clinical Presentations.- Secondary (Renal) Hyperparathyroidism.- Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism.- Medical Confounders for Hypercalcemia and Hyperparathyroidism: FHH and Renal Leak, Genetics of Various Conditions/Syndromes, and More.- Part II. Parathyroid Imaging.- Approach to Imaging for Parathyroid Diseases.- Ultrasound.- Parathyroid Gland Scintigraphy: Planar, Tomography (SPECT), SPECT-CT.- Dynamic Cross-Sectional Imaging for Characterization of Parathyroid Adenomas.- Positron Emission Tomography (18FDG, Choline (18F and 11C)).- Selective Angiography and Venous Sampling.- Part III. Indications.- Primary Hyperparathyroidism: International Guidelines.- What is Symptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism?- Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism: Routine Surgery?- Indications for Surgery for Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism.- Part IV. Parathyroid Surgery.- Applied Embryology and Surgical Anatomy.- Unilateral Neck Exploration (Non-localized).- Bilateral Neck Exploration.- Subtotal Parathyroidectomy.- Identifying "Missing" Glands.- Reoperative Parathyroid Surgery.- Surgery for Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism.- Surgery for Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism.- Surgery for Parathyroid Carcinoma.- Remote Access Parathyroidectomy.- Surgery for Pediatric Hyperparathyroidism.- Part V. Surgical Adjuncts.- Intraoperative PTH Monitoring: Optimal Algorithms.- Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring.-Radioguidance.- Autotransplantation and Cryopreservation.- Allotransplantation.- Fluorescent Imaging and Angiography.- Parathyroid Ablation.- Perioperative Parathyroid Surgical Management.- Lithium Induced pHPT.- Hypoparathyroidism.