TISSUE EXPANSION

History of early tissue expansion; benefits, indications and contraindications of tissue expander; geometric planning; histologic changes; available devices; external valves; filling policy; head and neck; nose; auricle; alveolar ridge; scalp; trunk; extremities; genitalia; breast expansion augmentation; breast reconstruction; the expander mammary implant for breast reconstruction; corrections of anomalies of the breast; soft tissue expansion in children; expanded full-thickness skin grafts; burn scar expansion; videoscopy in controlled tissue expansion; alternative devices and techniques; topical agents and drugs; muscle vacularized pedicle flap (MVP flap) using tissue expander - an experimental study in rats.