Echocardiography and Ultrasonography in the ICU

Section I: Ultrasound Basics.- Physics of Ultrasound.- Probes and Imaging Modes.- Ultrasound Artifacts.- Positioning, Safety, manipulation of probe.- Section II: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Transthoracic Echocardiography.- Transthoracic windows and views.- Transthoracic M-mode echocardiography.- Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.- Section III: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Transesophageal Echocardiography.- Transesophageal echocardiography: Insertion, Manipulation, Risks, Complications.- Transesophageal windows and views.- Transesophageal artifacts and pitfalls.- Section IV: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Quantification of Cardiac Chambers and Function.- Left Ventricular size Systolic Function.- Alternatives for assessing left ventricular systolic function when image quality is poor.- Right Ventricular size and function.- Atrial size and function.- Left Ventricular diastolic function.- Cardiomyopathies.- Section V: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Valvulopathy.- Aortic Stenosis.- Aortic and Pulmonic Regurgitation.- Mitral and Tricuspid Stenosis.- Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation.- Calculation of intracardiac pressures using Doppler Flow.- Prosthetic valves.- Infective endocarditis.- Section VI: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Pericardial disease.- Tamponade.- Ultrasound-guided Pericardiocentesis.- Pericarditis and constriction.- Section VII: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Tumors and Masses.- Benign masses, normal anatomic variants and artifacts.- Left ventricular thrombus.- Left atrial thrombus.- Right-sided thrombus.- Aortic Diseases.- Adult Congenital Heart Disease.- Section VIII: ULTRASONOGRAPHY: Lungs.- Effusion.- Pneumothorax.- Pulmonary Edema.- Pneumonia and consolidation.- Diaphragm.- Thoracentesis and thoracostomy procedural guidance.- Section IX: ULTRASONOGRAPHY: Airway.- Ultrasound during intubation.- Vocal Cord Dysfunction.- Section X: ULTRASONOGRAPHY: Abdomen.- Focused Assessment of Sonography in Trauma (FAST).- Renal and Bladder ultrasonography for the intensivist.- Biliary and hepatic ultrasound in the ICU.- Procedural guidance.- Section XI: ULTRASONOGRAPHY: Vascular.- Vascular access.- Cannulation for Intravascular devices.- Deep Venous Thrombosis.- Carotid ultrasonography.- Section XII: ULTRASONOGRAPHY: Brain.- Optic nerve assessment.- Transcranial ultrasonography.- Additional Neurocritical care applications.- Section XIII: COMPLEX CLINICAL SCENARIOS.- Diagnostic approach to the patient in shock.- Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness.- Pulmonary embolism and acute cor pulmonale.- ARDS and respiratory failure.- Diuresis and weaning.- Dyspnea.- Acute Coronary Syndrome.- Extracorporeal Life Support.- Cardiac Arrest.- Section XIV: Ultrasound Education.- Principles of pedagogy.- Curriculum design.- Education of “near-peers”.- Utilization of echocardiography labs.- Utilization of simulators, healthy volunteers, patients.- Features of successful teaching programs.- Assessment of competency in education.- Training for the critical care echocardiography board certification.- Section XV: Practical aspects of clinical ultrasound and echocardiography.- Competency and quality assurance.- Credentialing, privileging, and accreditation.- Selection of devices and software.- Image storage and reporting.- Billing.- Integration with traditional ultrasound and echocardiography services.- Glossary.- Appendix: High-yield Topics and Board Review Questions.- Appendix: Reference Values.- Appendix: Sample reports.