Introduction to Audiologic Rehabilitation

Each chapter begins with “Introduction” and concludes with “Summary Points,”  “Recommended Reading,” “Recommended Websites,” and “References.”

 

 

I. FUNDAMENTALS OF AUDIOLOGIC REHABILITATION.

 

1. Overview of Audiologic Rehabilitation.

Ronald L. Schow & Michael A. Nerbonne

 

Definitions and Synonyms

Providers of Audiologic Rehabilitation

Education Needs of Providers

 

Hearing Loss Characteristics

Degree of Hearing Impairment and Configuration

Time of Onset

Type of Loss

Auditory Speech Recognition Ability

 

Consequences of Hearing Loss: Primary and Secondary

Communication Difficulties

Variable Hearing Disability

 

Rehabilitative Alternatives

Historical Background

Birth of Audiology

Difficulties in Acceptance of Audiologic Rehabilitation

Current Status

 

Procedures in Audiologic Rehabilitation: An AR Model

Rehabilitation Assessment Procedures

Management Procedures

 

Settings for Audiologic Rehabilitation

Children

Adults

Elderly Adults

 

 

2. Hearing Aids and Assistive Devices.

H. Gustav Mueller, Earl E. Johnson & Anne S. Carter

 

Introduction

 

Hearing Aids

Basic Components

 

Controls and Features

Hearing Aid Styles

The Body Aid

The Eyeglass Aid

The BTE

The ITE

The ITC

The CIC

Summary

 

Specialized Filling Options

CROS and BICROS

Bone Conduction and Implantable Hearing Aids

Traditional Bone Conduction Devices

Implantable Hearing Aids

 

The Earmold

Acoustic Effects of Earmolds

Low-frequency Modification

Mid-frequency Modification

High-frequency Modification

The Earmold Impression

 

Batteries

 

Electroacoustic Properties

 

The Selection and Filling of Hearing Aids

Step 1: Selecting the Hearing Aid Candidate

Degree of Hearing Loss

Degree of Communication Disability

 

Motivation to Use Hearing Aids

 

Step 2: Preselection Measurements

Pure Tone Thresholds

Loudness Discomfort Level (LDL)

Loudness Contour Testing

 

Step 3: Hearing Aid Selection

Hearing Aid Style

Gain and Frequency Response

Maximum Output

Automatic Signal Processing (ASP)

Programmable Hearing Aids

Digital Signal Processing

Binaural Fittings

Other Considerations

 

Step 4: Verification

Informal Rating of Speech Quality and Intelligibility

Speech Recognition or Intelligibility Testing

Loudness Scaling

Probe Microphone Measurements

 

Step 5: Postfitting Counseling, Orientation, and Outcome Measures

Postfitting Counseling and Instrument Orientation

Follow-up Visits and Outcome Measures

 

Considerations for the Pediatric Patient

Prefitting Testing

Fitting Considerations

Verification of Fitting

Postfitting Procedures

 

Assistive Listening  Devices and Other Communicative Devices

Alerting/Signaling Devices

Concluding Summary Points

 

3. Cochlear Implants and Vestibular/Tinnitus Management.

Alice E. Holmes & Gary P. Rodriguez

 

How Does a Cochlear Implant Work?

 

History of Cochlear Implants

 

The Cochlear Implant Team

 

Who Is a Candidate?

Candidacy for Adults

Candidacy for Children

 

Deaf Culture and Cochlear implants

 

Treatment Plans for Cochlear Implant Recipients

Hook-up

Follow-up Programming and Therapy

 

Variables Affecting Performance

 

Future Trends in Cochlear Implants

 

Auditory Brainstem Implant

 

Vestibular Rehabilitation

 

Tinnitus Management

 

 

4. Auditory Stimuli in Communication.

Michael A. Nerbonne & Ronald L. Schow

 

A Communication Model

 

Auditory Perception

Development of Auditory Skills

Basic Perception Abilities

Acoustics of Speech

Intensity Parameters of Speech

Frequency Parameters of Speech

Temporal Parameters of Speech

Transitional Cues

Speech Perception and Comprehension

Speech Perception and Hearing Loss

Physical Properties

Redundancy and Noise

 

The Auditory Training Process

Definition and Application of Auditory Training

Early Efforts in Auditory Training

Carhart

 

Current Approaches to Auditory Training

Candidacy for Auditory Training

Assessment of Auditory Skills

Evaluating Children

Evaluating Adults

 

Methods of Auditory Training

Erber

DASLII

SKI-HI

SPICE

Consonant Recognition Training

Communication Training and Therapy

 

5. Visual Stimuli in Communication.

Nicholas M. Hipskind

 

Factors Related to Speechreading

Speaker

Signal and Code

Visemes

Visibility

 

Environment

Speechreader

Age

Gender

Intelligence

Personality Traits

VisualSlcills

VisualAcuity

Visual Perception

Hearing

 

Speechreading and the Hearing impaired

Assessment of Speechreading Ability

Formal Speechreading Tests

Informal Speechreading Tests

Visual Assessment and Speechreading Evaluation

Hearing Impairment and Dependence on Vision

Deaf

Hard of Hearing

Traditional Speechreading Methods

Analytic and Synthetic Approaches

Recent Trends in Speechreading Instruction

Children

Adults

Innovative Options

 

Manual Communication

Types of Manual Communication

Signed English Systems

Fingerspelling

Cued Speech

 

Appendixes

 

6. Language and Speech of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.

Deborah S. Culbertson

 

Introduction

 

Language and Communication

Factors Affecting Language Acquisition

Language Characteristics of Preschool Children with Hearing Impairment

Importance of Parent-Child Interactions

Knowledge of Schema in Preschool Children

Semantic and Pragmatic Functions in Preschool Children

Early Vocabulary in Preschool Children

Language Characteristics of School-Age Children with Hearing Impairment

Lexical-Semantic Skills of School-age Children

Syntactic-Morphologic Skills of School-age Children

Pragmatic Skills of School-age Children

Plateau in Language Acquisition for School-age Children

Preliteracy and Literacy Issues

Language Assessment

Limitations and Cautions in Using Formal Language Measures

Essential Conditions for Evaluating Language Abilities

Communication and Language Management for Preschool and School-Age Children with Hearing Impairment

Strategies for Developing Conversational Skills

Preliteracy and Literacy Activities

Bilingual Education for Children Who Are Deaf

 

Speech Characteristics, Assessment, and Management

Hearing as the Foundation for Speech Sound Development

Early Vocalizations of the Child

Speech Intelligibility

Speech Characteristics, Assessment, and Management for individuals with Prelingual Hearing Loss

Individuals with Mild to Moderately Severe Prelingual Hearing Loss

Individuals with Prelingual Hearing Loss in the Severe to Profound Range

Speech Assessment of Individuals with Severe or Profound Hearing Loss

Measures of Speech Intelligibility

Measures of Articulation and Phonology

Perceptual Assessment of Suprasegmentals and Voice Characteristics

Acoustic and Physiologic Displays

Speech Management for Individuals with Severe or Profound Hearing Loss

Speech Characteristics of Individuals with Postlingual Profound Hearing Loss

 

7. Psychosocial Aspects of Hearing Impairment and Counseling Basics.

Kris English

 

Psychosocial Aspects of Hearing Impairment

Growing Up with Hearing Loss

Self concept

Emotional Development

Family Concerns

Social Competence

Special Issues in Adolescence

Summary

 

Acquiring Hearing Loss

Selfconcept

Psychoemotional Reactions

Family Concerns

Social Concerns

Summary

 

About Being Deaf

Being Deafened

"Deafness with a Capital D"

 

"Knowing Is Not Enough": Counseling Basics

Important Distinctions

What We May Think Counseling Is

What Counselors Say Counseling Is

The Counseling Process

 

Help Patients (or Parents) Tell Their Story

Help Patients Clarify Their Problems

Help Patients Take Responsibility for Their Listening Problems

When to Refer

 

8. Audiologic Rehabilitation Services in the School Setting.

Kris English

 

Why AR Services Are Required in School Settings: The Educational Consequences of Hearing Impairment

Degree of Loss: Terminology

Mandated by Law

Key Components of IDEA

Least Restrictive Environment

Educational Options

LRE for a Child with HI

The Individualized Education Program

The Communication Debate

Oral-Aural Approach

Total Communication

Cued Speech

Using Sign Only

 

AR Services Provided in Schools

Screening and Assessment

Management of Amplification

Direct Instruction and Indirect Consultation

Hearing Conservation

Evaluation and Modification of Classroom Acoustics

Transition Planning to Postsecondary Placements

How Services Are Provided

 

AR Service Providers in School Settings

Teachers

Audiologists

Speech-Language Pathologists

Related Support Personnel

 

Services for Children with Auditory Processing Problems

 

II. COMPREHENSIVE APPROACHES TO AUDIOLOGIC REHABILITATION.

 

9. Audiologic Rehabilitation for Children: Assessment and Management.

Mary Pat Moeller , Ronald L. Schow & Mary M. Whitaker

 

Prevalence of Loss and Level of Service

 

Terms and Definitions

 

Profile of the Client

Hearing Loss

Age

Other Disabling Conditions

 

Rehabilitation Settings and Providers

 

Identification and Assessment Procedures with Children

Early Identification

School Screening

Medical and Audiologic Assessment

 

Aspects of Audiologic Rehabilitation: Early Intervention for Parent-Infant and Preschool

Rehabilitation Assessment

Management

Environmental Coordination and Participation

Audibility, Amplification, and Assistive Device Issues

Remediation of Communication Rehabilitation Activity

Counseling and Psychosocial Aspects

 

Aspects of Audiologic Rehabilitation: School Years

Rehabilitation Assessment: IEP Meeting

Management

Environmental Coordination and Participation

Audibility, Amplification, and Assistive Device Issues

Communication and Language Stimulation: School-age Level

Counseling and Psychosocial Aspects (Special Case)

 

Appendix

 

10. Audiologic Rehabilitation for Adults and Elderly Adults: Assessment and Management.

Kathy Pichora-Fuller & Ronald L. Schow

 

Profile of the Adult Client

Hearing Loss over the Life-span

 

Profile of the Elderly Client

Hearing Loss

Physical and Mental Health and the Aging Process

Personal and Environmental Factors

Economic Status and Retirement

Living Environments

 

Model for Rehabilitation

CORE Assessment

Care Management

 

Rehabilitation Settings

University Programs

Community Centers and Agencies

Military

Consumer Groups

Hospitals, Medical Offices, Private Practice Audiologists, and Hearing Instrument Specialists

 

Rehabilitation Assessment

Assessing Impairment

Assessing Activity and Participation

Case History

Self-report

Outcome Measures

CORE Assessment Summary

 

Rehabilitation Management

Counseling and Psychosocial Considerations

Amplification and Instrumental Interventions to Achieve Audibility

Is the Client Ready for an Instrument?

Fit and Function of the Instrument

Counseling and Orientation to Instruments

 

Remediation for Communication Activities

Environmental Coordination and Participation Improvement

Further Illustration of CORE and CARE

 

III. IMPLEMENTING AUDIOLOGIC REHABILITATION CASE STUDIES.

 

11. Case Studies: Children.

Mary Pat Moeller

 

Case 1 Joey: Family-centered Intervention: Multiple Disabilities

Background Information

Previous Rehabilitation

Environmental Coordination and Participation

Communication Rehabilitation Adjustment

Psychosocial and Counseling Aspects

 

Case 2 Mike: Decision Making by a Student Related to Cochlear Implants

Background Information

Aural Rehabilitation Plan: Pre-implant

Aural Rehabilitation Plan: Post-implant

Intervention Outcomes

Summary

 

Case 3 Amber: Issues Affecting Educational Placement

Background Information

Assessment Findings

Recommendations for Management

Follow-up Assessment

 

Case 4 Greg: Late Identification of a Hard-of-Hearing Child

Background information

Communication Activity Assessment

Management

Remediation of Communication Activity: Auditory and Linguistic Training

Intervention Outcomes

Summary

 

Case 5 Sam: Differential Diagnosis through Professional Teamwork: A Tool for Solving Complex Intervention

Background Information

Educational/Rehabilitative History

Psychological and Communication Findings

Functional Auditory and Speech Production Skills

Diagnostic Teaching

Putting it all together

 

12. Case Studies: Adults and Elderly Adults.

Michael A. Nerbonne, Jeff E. Brockett & Alice E. Holmes

 

Case 1 Dr. M.: Progressive Hearing Loss

Case History

Audiologic Rehabilitation Assessment

Management

Hearing Aid Evaluation and Adjustment

Communication Training

Summary

 

Case 2 Mr. B.: Hearing Loss, Depression, and Successful Hearing Aid Use

Informational Counseling

Rehabilitation Assessment

Communication Status: Impairment Activity Limitations

Overall Participation Variables

Related Personal Factors

Environmental Factors

Rehabilitation Management

Counseling and Psychosocial Issues

Audibility and Impairment Management

Remediaie Communication Activity

Environment and Coordination: Participation Improvement

Summary

 

Case 3 JD: AR featuring a significant Other

Introduction

Informational Counseling

Rehabilitation Assessment

Rehabilitation Management

Summary

 

Case 4 Mrs. D.: Cochlear Implant User

Case History

Assessment Information

Pre-CI Management

Counseling and Psychosocial Considerations

Communication Remediation

CI Surgery

Post-Cl Management

Audibility and Amplification

Audiovisual Training for Communication

Counseling and Coordination

Summary

 

Case 5 Mrs. E.: Nursing Home Hearing Aid User

Case History

Diagnostic Information

Audiologic Rehabilitation

 

Author Index

 

Subject Index.