Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism

Physiology and pathophysiology of astrocytes.- Water transport in the brain: basic concepts and astrocytic swelling.- Osmotic and Oxidative stress in hepatic encephalopathy.- NADPH oxidase is a major source of swelling-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in rat astrocytes.- Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide by astrocytes.- Glutamate release from astrocytes: impact on neuronal function.- Hepatic stellate cells and astrocytes: similarities and differences.- Localization and function of ATP-binding cassette C (ABCC/MRP) efflux pumps in human brain.- Glial mechanisms of axonal growth protection from ammonia.- Selenoprotein P: A link between liver and brain.- Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.- The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and neurosteroids in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and ammonia neurotoxicity.- Glutamatergic synaptic regulation deficit in liver failure: A review of molecular mechanisms.- Synaptic plasticity in animal models relevant for hepatic encephalopathy.- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in hyperammonaemia and hepatic encephalopathy.- Prehepatic portal hypertension and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain hippocampus.- Nuclear magnetic resonance studies in experimental animal models of hepatic encephalopathy.- The role of inflammation in hepatic encephalopathy.- Brain imaging in hepatic encephalopathy research.- Altered neural oscillations and synchronization: a pathophysiological hallmark of hepatic encephalopathy.- Neurotransmitter receptor alterations in hepatic encephalopathy.- Quantitative T1 and water content mapping in hepatic encephalopathy.- Central nervous system involvement in hepatitis C virus infection: what to measure?.- Localized magnetic resonance-correlated spectroscopy using two spectral dimensions: theoretical description and pilot investigation in hepatic encephalopathy.- New aspects of nitrogen metabolism.- Urea cycle disorders.- Pathophysiology of citrin deficiency.- Hepatic encephalopathy in organic acidurias: hyperammonaemia and energy failure.- Glutamine synthetase deficiency in the human.- Hepatic dysfunction and encephalopathy in inborn errors of metabolism.- Amino acids and mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent signalling.- Ceramide is a negative regulator of insulin action, nutrient uptake and protein synthesis in cultured rat skeletal muscle cells.- Ammonia transport in aquaporins: molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance.- Glutamine synthetase as a target of ?-catenin: new insights into hepatic heterogeneity.- Ammonia metabolism in liver cirrhosis.- Clinical assessment of hepatic encephalopathy.- Definition and assessment of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy.- Hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure.- Quality of life in chronic liver diseases and in hepatic encephalopathy.- Hyponatraemia: A risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis.- Neuropsychological dysfunction in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a review compared with own experience.- Computerized or paper-and-pencil psychometric tests for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy?.- Neurophysiological basis of critical flicker frequency (CFF) analysis.- Critical assessment of the PHES test battery in patients with low-grade hepatic encephalopathy.- Treatment.- Evidence-based medicine and hepatic encephalopathy treatment.- Brain oedema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and therapeutic options.- Hepatic encephalopathy and artificial liver support systems.- Prometheus® — a new extracorporeal system for the treatment of liver failure.- Modulation of intestinal flora for the treatment ofhepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis.- Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy after porto-systemic shunt.- Milestones in research on hepatic encephalopathy.