Quick Reference Dictionary for Physical Therapy

Jennifer M. Bottomley, PhD2, MS, PT has a bachelor’s degree in physical therapy from the University of Wisconsin, Madison and an advanced master’s degree in physical therapy from the MGH Institute of Health Professionals in Boston, Massachusetts. She has a combined intercollegiate doctoral degree in gerontology (University of Massachusetts in Amherst) and health science and service administration (Union Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio) and a second PhD from the Union Institute in health service administration, legislation, and policy management with a specialty in gerontology. Dr. Bottomley has practiced since 1974 in acute care, home care, outpatient clinics, nursing homes, and long-term care facilities. Currently, she is an academic and clinical educator in geriatric physical therapy internationally and throughout the United States. She works as an independent advisor and consultant setting up rehabilitation services in nursing homes and outpatient, home, and community settings in the Northeast and Pacific Northwest. She practices clinically in the Boston area in homeless shelters on a pro bono basis and travels as a volunteer to disasters, such as Katrina, the 2004 Asian Tsunami, and the Oklahoma City bombing. She is director of rehabilitation services for the Committee to End Elder Homelessness/HEARTH. She is a consultant in rehabilitation for Amedisys Home Health Care and Hospice, providing home and hospice care services. Dr. Bottomley has served on advisory boards for the Office of the Surgeon General and the Office on Women’s Health in the Department of Health and Human Services and the White House Health Care Reform Panel for Home & Long Term Care Issues in the Elderly. She has been involved in the NASA aging studies, first as an intern and then advisor, since 1996. She was appointed as a delegate to the 2005 White House Conference on Aging for the State of Massachusetts. In January 2007, she was appointed to the White House Interdisciplinary Medicare Reform Advisory Board. Dr. Bottomley is the current President of International Physical Therapists working with Older People (IPTOP)—a section of WCPT—and is the recent Past-President of the Section on Geriatrics of the APTA (2000–2006). She has served two terms as Vice President, two terms as Treasurer, and one term on the Board of Directors for that section. She was the Editor of GeriNotes from 1998 to 2000. She has spearheaded national efforts through the AARP and Gray Panther’s on education and physical conditioning to prevent crime, abuse, and fraud against the elderly. She has also orchestrated free screening and intervention projects for the Homeless Elderly of Massachusetts and has obtained HCFA grants to provide free screening and care for low-income elders in 14 ­central Massachusetts cities and towns. Dr. Bottomley is a nationally renowned speaker, author, and educator. She is an Adjunct Faculty Member at MGH Institute of Health Care Professions and Simmons College in Boston. She has done clinical research in the areas of nutrition and exercise, foot care in the elderly, wound care, diabetes and peripheral vascular disease interventions, balance and falls in the Alzheimer’s population, Qi Gong and T’ai Chi as alternative exercise forms, the effects of weightlessness and bed rest on aging, and social policy development for the elderly. She has authored numerous chapters and articles in the area of geriatrics, is the presenter on six videotapes with the University of Maryland Videopress on Functional Evaluation of the Alzheimer’s patient, Functional Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis, and a four-tape series on Exercise in the Elderly. She has co-authored a geriatric text with Carole B. Lewis entitled Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Clinical Approach, Third Edition. Dr. Bottomley is the author of the recently published text entitled Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Textbook for the Physical Therapist Assistant and she has edited the Quick Reference Dictionary for Physical Therapy, Second Edition. In 2006, MGH Institute of Health Professions recognized Jennifer with the 2nd Annual Most Distinguished Alumni Award, and the Massachusetts Physical Therapy Association awarded her the prestigious Mary MacDonald Distinguished Service Award in 2008. In 2011, she received the Lucy Blair Award from the American Physical Therapy Association.

Dedication Acknowledgements About the Editor Preface Dictionary of Terms Bibliography Appendix 1: Suggested Reading Appendix 2: General Acronyms and Abbreviations Appendix 3: Medical Roots: Etymology (Greek and Latin Derivations) Appendix 4: Evaluation Acronyms Appendix 5: Organization Acronyms Appendix 6: American Physical Therapy Association Code of Ethics Appendix 7: American Physical Therapy Association Guide for Professional Conduct Appendix 8: American Physical Therapy Association Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant Appendix 9: American Physical Therapy Association Guide for Conduct of the Physical Therapist Assistant Appendix 10: American Physical Therapy Association Standards of Practice for Physical Therapy and the Accompanying Criteria Appendix 11: American Physical Therapy Association Guidelines for Physical Therapy Documentation Appendix 12: American Physical Therapy Association’s Mission and Goal Statements Appendix 13: Historical Practitioners Influential in the Genesis of Physical Therapy Appendix 14: Past Presidents of the American Physical Therapy Association Appendix 15: Directory of State Licensure Boards and State Physical Therapy Associations Appendix 16: Direct Access for Physical Therapy by State Appendix 17: World Wide Web Sites in Rehabilitation Appendix 18: World Health Organization Classifications Appendix 19: Diseases, Pathologies, and Syndromes Defined Appendix 20: Physical Therapy Tests and Measures Appendix 21: Physical Therapy Interventions Appendix 22: Normal Measures for Range of Motion of the Joints Appendix 23: Normal Ranges for Laboratory Values Appendix 24: Classification of Fractures Appendix 25: Reflexes and Reactions of the Central Nervous System Appendix 26: Metabolic Equivalent (MET) Values for Activity and Exercise Appendix 27: Cranial Nerves and Tests for Cranial Nerve Integrity Appendix 28: Bones of the Body Appendix 29: Muscles of the Body Appendix 30: Weights and Measures Appendix 31: The Metric System Appendix 32: English and Metric Conversion Appendix 33: Symbols Appendix 34: Prescription Drugs Delineated by Disease and Disorder Appendix 35: Drug Prescribing and Elimination Abbreviations Appendix 36: Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances Appendix 37: Reimbursement Terms and Guidelines for Physical Therapy Claims Review Appendix 38: Definitions of Complementary/Alternative Therapies Appendix 39: Resources and Networking Appendix 40: Physical Therapy Organizations Appendix 41: Legislation and Policy Decisions Affecting Rehabilitation