Manual of Molecular and Clinical Lab Immunology

Table of Contents


A. General Methods

Volume Editor: Robert G. Hamilton

Section Editor: Thomas A. Fleisher



1. Introduction, Thomas A. Fleisher

2. Introduction to Protein Analysis, Glen L. Hortin and Alan T. Remaley

3. Protein Analysis for Diagnostic Applications, Alan T. Remaley and Glen L. Hortin

4. Genomics and Chip Technology, Stephen J. Chanock

5. Molecular Methods, Raymond P. Podzorski



B. Immunoglobulin Methods

Volume Editor: Robert G. Hamilton

Section Editor: David F. Keren



6. Introduction, David F. Keren

7. Immunoglobulin Genes, Thomas J. Kipps

8. Immunoglobulin Quantification and Viscosity Measurement, Jeffrey S. Warren

9. Clinical Indications and Applications of Serum and Urine Protein Electrophoresis, David F. Keren and Richard L. Humphrey

10. Immunochemical Characterization of Immunoglobulins in Serum, Urine, and Cerebrospinal Fluid, Jerry A. Katzmann and Robert A. Kyle

11. Cryoglobulins, Cryofibrinogenemia, and Pyroglobulins, Peter D. Gorevic and Dennis Galanakis





C. Complement

Volume Editor: Robert G. Hamilton

Section Editor: Patricia C. Giclas



12. Evaluation of Complement Activation and Its Clinical Relevance, Patricia C. Giclas

13. Molecular and Clinical Evaluation of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, Lisa Strain, Judith A. Goodship, and Timothy H. J. Goodship

14. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Based Method for Functional Analysis of the Classical, Alternative, and MBL Pathways of the Complement System, M. A. Seelen, A. Roos, J. Wieslander, and M. R. Daha

15. Evaluation of the Mannan-Binding Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation, Mihaela Gadjeva and Steffen Thiel

16. Complement in Transplant Rejection, William M. Baldwin, III



D. Flow Cytometry

Volume Editor: Barbara Detrick

Section Editor: Maurice R. G. O!-Gorman



17. Introduction, Maurice R. G. O!-Gorman

18. Flow Cytometry-Based Immunophenotyping Method and Applications, Lance Hultin and Patricia Hultin

19. Nontraditional Clinical Applications: Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Testing, Fetal Red Cell Testing, T-Cell Receptor V|A Analysis, and Platelet Analysis by Flow Cytometry, Jiachun X. Kung and Eric D. Hsi

20. Immunophenotyping of Leukemia and Lymphoma by Flow Cytometry, Brent Lee Wood

21. Standardized Flow Cytometry Assays for Enumerating Hematopoietic Stem Cells, D. Robert Sutherland, Ian Chin-Yee, Michael Keeney, and Jan Gratama

22. Phenotypic Correlates of Genetic Abnormalities in Acute and Chronic Leukemias, Elisabeth Paietta

23. Multimeric MHC Reagents for the Detection and Quantitation of Specific T-Cell Populations, John Altman

24. In Situ Gene Amplification and Hybridization Assays: Disease Monitoring Applications Using Flow Cytometry, Bruce K. Patterson



E. Functional Cellular Assays

Volume Editor: Barbara Detrick

Section Editor: Steven D. Douglas



25. Introduction, Steven D. Douglas

26. Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Skin Testing, Theron McCormick and William T.

Shearer

27. Cryopreservation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Adriana Weinberg

28. Methods for Detection of Antigen-Specific T Cells by Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT), Barbara L. Shacklett and Douglas F. Nixon

29. Evaluation of the T-Cell Receptor Repertoire, Savita Pahwa

30. Molecular Diagnosis of Chronic Granulomatous Disease, Paul G. Heyworth and John T. Curnutte

31. Clinical Evaluation of Myeloid and Monocytic Cell Functions, Maurice R. G. O!-Gorman

32. Flow Cytometric Detection and Quantification of Apoptotic Cells, Thomas W. McCloskey, Barbara N. Phenix, and Savita Pahwa

33. Quantification of Recent Thymic Emigrants: T-Cell-Receptor Excision Circles, Paul Krogstad

34. Measurement of NK-Cell Activity in Humans, Theresa L. Whiteside

35. Cellular Immune Assays for Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy, Josephine H. Cox, Mark deSouza, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Guido Ferrari, Kent J. Weinhold, and Deborah L. Birx

36. T-Lymphocyte Activation and Cell Signaling, Jeffrey R. Currier

37. Functional Assays for B Cells and Antibodies, Moon H. Nahm and Robin G. Lorenz



F. Cytokines and Chemokines

Volume Editor: Barbara Detrick

Section Editor: John J. Hooks



38. Introduction, John J. Hooks

39. Multiplex Cytokine Assays, Daniel G. Remick

40. Monitoring of Immune Response Using Cytokine Flow Cytometry, Smita S. Ghanekar, Holden T. Maecker, and Vernon C. Maino

41. Molecular Analysis of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors, Niels Kruse and Peter Rieckmann

42. Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Analysis, Benjamin D. Medoff and Andrew D. Luster

43. Laboratory Monitoring of Cytokine Therapy, Andrew R. Pachner



G. Immunohistology and Immunopathology

Volume Editor: Robert G. Hamilton

Section Editor: Russell H. Tomar



44. Introduction, Russell H. Tomar

45. Immunohistochemistry: Principles and Advances, Patrick C. Roche, Eric D. Hsi, and Bourke L. Firfir

46. Use of Molecular Biology Methods on Tissues, Suman Setty, Chung-Che (Jeff) Chang, and Andr| A. Kajdacsy-Balla

47. Immunohistochemistry: Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications, Vinod B. Shidham and Andr| Kajdacsy-Balla

48. Immunofluorescence Methods in the Diagnosis of Renal and Skin Diseases, A. Bernard Collins, Robert B. Colvin, Carolos H. Nousari, and Grant J. Anhalt



H. Infectious Diseases Caused by Bacteria, Mycoplasmas, Chlamydiae, and Rickettsiae

Volume Editor: James D. Folds

Section Editor: Harry E. Prince



49. Introduction, Harry E. Prince

50. Diagnostic Methods for Group A Streptococcal Infections, Anita Shet and Edward Kaplan

51. Immune Responses to Polysaccharide and Conjugate Vaccines, Carl E. Frasch

52. Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Clostridium tetani: Immune Response and Diagnostic Methods, Martha L. Lepow and Patricia A. Hughes

53. Immunologic Methods for Diagnosis of Infections Caused by Diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae, Marcela F. Pasetti, James P. Nataro, and Myron M. Levine

54. Serologic and Molecular Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Eradication, Bruce E. Dunn and Suhas H. Phadnis

55. Detection of Antibodies to Legionella, Paul H. Edelstein

56. Immunologic Methods for Diagnosis of Spirochetal Diseases, Victoria Pope, Mary D. Ari, Martin E. Schriefer, and Paul N. Levett

57. Lyme Disease: Serologic Assays for Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, Barbara J. B. Johnson

58. Immunological Tests in Tuberculosis and Leprosy, Graham H. Bothamley

59. Mycoplasma: Immunologic and Molecular Diagnostic Methods, Ken B. Waites, Mary B. Brown, and Jerry W. Simecka

60. Chlamydial Infections, Lee Ann Campbell, Cho-chou Kuo, and Charlotte A. Gaydos

61. The Rickettsiaceae, Anaplasmataceae, Bartonellaceae, and Coxiellaceae, Karim E. Hechemy, Yasuko Rikihisa, Kevin R. Macaluso, Andrew W. O. Burgess, Burt E. Anderson, and Herbert A. Thompson

62. Serologic and Molecular Tools for Diagnosing Bordetella pertussis Infection, Scott A. Halperin

63. Bacillus anthracis Detection and Anthrax Diagnosis, Alex R. Hoffmaster and Tanja Popovic



I. Mycotic and Parasitic Diseases

Volume Editor: Robert G. Hamilton

Section Editor: Thomas B. Nutman



64. Introduction, Thomas B. Nutman

65. Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infection, Marianna Wilson, Peter M. Schantz, and Thomas Nutman

66. Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Fungal Infections, Mark D. Lindsley, David W. Warnock, and Christine J. Morrison



J. Viral Diseases

Volume Editor: James D. Folds

Section Editor: Steven C. Specter



67. Introduction, Steven C. Specter

68. Rapid Viral Diagnosis, Marie Louise Landry

69. Enhanced Detection of Viruses in Cell Cultures, Thomas F. Smith

70. Herpes Simplex Virus, D. Scott Schmid

71. Varicella-Zoster Virus, D. Scott Schmid and Vladimir Loparev

72. Epstein-Barr Virus, Hal B. Jenson

73. Cytomegalovirus, Kirsten St. George, Aki Hoji, and Charles R. Rinaldo, Jr.

74. Human Herpesviruses, 6, 7, and 8, Richard L. Hodinka

75. Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses, Keerti V. Shah and Eugene O. Major

76. Adenoviruses, Leta K. Crawford-Miksza

77. Parvovirus B19, Stanley J. Naides

78. Influenza Viruses, Jacqueline M. Katz, Alexander I. Klimov, Stephen E. Lindstrom, and Nancy J. Cox

79. Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human Metapneumovirus, and the Parainfluenza Viruses, Pedro A. Piedra and Guy Boivin

80. Measles and Mumps, Diane S. Leland

81. Rubella Virus, James B. Mahony

82. Enteroviruses, David Schnurr

83. Viral Hepatitis, Mauro Bendinelli, Mauro Pistello, Giulia Freer, Marialinda Vatteroni, and Fabrizio Maggi

84. Rotaviruses and Noroviruses, Ningguo Feng and Suzanne M. Matsui

85. Arboviruses, Robert S. Lanciotti and John T. Roehrig

86. Hantavirus Infections, Brian Hjelle and Stephen A. Young

87. Filioviruses and Arenaviruses, James E. Strong, Allen Grolla, Peter B. Jahrling, and Heinz Feldmann

88. Rabies Virus, D. Craig Hooper

89. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2, Susan B. Nyland, Thomas P. Loughran, and Kenneth E. Ugen

90. Coronavirus Including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), James B. Mahony and Chengsheng Zhang

91. Poxviruses, Kevin L. Karem and Inger K. Damon

92. Prion Diagnostics, Stephen Dealler



K. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Volume Editor: Barbara Detrick

Section Editor: Michael W. Baseler



93. Introduction, Michael W. Baseler

94. Principles and Procedures of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serodiagnosis, Robin Dewar, Helene Highbarger, Richard Davey, and Julia Metcalf

95. General Immunologic Evaluation of Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Randy A. Stevens, Richard A. Lempicki, Ven Natarajan, Jeanette Higgins, Joseph W. Adelsberger, and Julia A. Metcalf

96. Quantitation of Viremia and Determination of Drug Resistance in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Tarek Elbeik, Helene Highbarger, Robin Dewar, Ven Natarajan, Hiromi Imamichi, and Tomozumi Imamichi

97. Measurement of T-Cell-Specific Immunity in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Richard L. Hengel, Tomozumi Imamichi, and Stephen A. Migueles



L. Immunodeficiency Diseases

Volume Editor: Barbara Detrick

Section Editor: Howard M. Lederman



98. The Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Howard M. Lederman

99. Approach to the Diagnosis of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, Chaim Roifman

100. Investigation of Signal Transduction Defects, Melissa E. Elder

101. Primary Antibody Deficiency Diseases, Mary Ellen Conley

102. Hereditary and Acquired Complement Deficiencies, Patricia Giclas

103. Neutropenia and Neutrophil Defects, Steven M. Holland



M. Allergic Diseases

Volume Editor: Robert G. Hamilton

Section Editor: Sarbjit Saini



104. Introduction, Sarbjit Saini

105. Quantification and Standardization of Allergens, Nicolette C. deVore and Jay E. Slater

106. In Vivo Diagnostic Allergy Testing, Derek A. Damin and R. Stokes Peebles, Jr.

107. Immunological Methods in the Diagnostic Allergy Clinical and Research Laboratory, Robert G. Hamilton

108. Assay Methods for Measurement of Mediators and Markers of Allergic Inflammation, John T. Schroeder and Sarbjit Saini

109. Tests for Immunologic Reactions to Foods, David M. Fleischer and Robert A. Wood

110. Diagnosis of Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, Amy D. Klion



N. Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Volume Editor: James D. Folds

Section Editor: Westley H. Reeves



111. Introduction, Westley H. Reeves

112. Immunofluorescent Antinuclear Antibody Tests, Arthur R. Bradwell, Richard G. Hughes, and Abid R. Karim

113. Detection of Autoantibodies against Proteins and Ribonucleoproteins by Double Immunodiffusion and Immunoprecipitation, Westley H. Reeves, Minoru Satoh, Robert Lyons, Cody Nichols, and Sonali Narain

114. Detection of Autoantibodies by Using Immobilized Natural and Recombinant Autoantigens, Edward K. L. Chan, Rufus W. Burlingame, and Marvin J. Fritzler

115. Detection of Anti-DNA Autoantibodies, Trinh T. Tran and David S. Pisetsky

116. Autoantibody Testing in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sonali Narain, Meghavi Kosboth, and Paulette Hahn

117. Tests for Antiphospholipid Autoantibodies, John L. Schmitz

118. Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibodies (ANCAs) and Strategy for Diagnosing ANCA-Associated Vasculitides, Allan Wiik



O. Organ-Localized Autoimmune Diseases

Volume Editor: James D. Folds

Section Editor: C. Lynne Burek



119. Introduction, C. Lynne Burek

120. Endocrinopathies: Autoantibodies in Chronic Thyroiditis, Addison!-s Disease, and Pernicious Anemia, C. L. Burek, P. E. Bigazzi, N. R. Rose, M. Zakarija, J. M. McKenzie, L. Yu, J. Wang, and G. S. Eisenbarth

121. Autoantibodies to Glycolipids in Peripheral Neuropathy, Hugh J. Willison

122. Detection of Antimitochondrial Autoantibodies in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Liver Kidney Microsomal Antibodies in Autoimmune Hepatitis, Patrick S. C. Leung, Michael P. Manns, Ross L. Coppel, and M. Eric Gershwin

123. Skin Disease, Carlos H. Nousari and Grant J. Anhalt

124. Cardiovascular Diseases, J. Bruce Sundstrom, C. Lynne Burek, Noel R. Rose, and Aftab A. Ansari

125. Kidney and Lung Disease Mediated by Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies: Detection by Western Blot Analysis, A. Bernard Collins and Robert B. Colvin

126. Autoimmunity of Testis, Ovary, and Spermatozoa, Richard A. Bronson, Julia Luborsky, and Kenneth S. K. Tung

127. Immunologic Testing for Celiac Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, James A. Goeken

128. Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia, Thomas S. Kickler

129. Monitoring Autoimmune Reactivity within the Retina, John J. Hooks, Marian S. Chin, Chi-Chao Chan, and Barbara Detrick



P. Cancer

Volume Editor: Robert G. Hamilton

Section Editor: Mark Raffeld



130. Introduction, Mark Raffeld

131. Immunologic Approaches to Tumor Markers: Assays, Applications, and Discovery, Alex J. Rai and Daniel W. Chan

132. Malignancies of the Immune System: Use of Immunologic and Molecular Tumor Markers in Classification and Diagnosis, Mark Raffeld and Elaine S. Jaffe

133. Monitoring of Immunologic Therapies, Theresa L. Whiteside

134. The Future of Cancer Diagnostics: Proteomics, Immunoproteomics, and Beyond, Mary E. Winters, Mark Lowenthal, Andrew L. Feldman, and Lance A. Liotta



Q. Transplantation Immunology

Volume Editor: Barbara Detrick

Section Editor: Mary S. Leffell



135. Histocompatibility Testing after Fifty Years of Transplantation, Mary S. Leffell

136. Molecular Methods: HLA Alleles, Carolyn Katovich Hurley, Kai Cao, Ting Tang, Noriko Steiner, Ana M. Lazaro, C. Alan Howard, and Jennifer Ng

137. Evaluation of the Humoral Response in Transplantation, Andrea A. Zachary, Julie A. Graziani, Renato Vega, Kevin Chesterton, and Donna P. Lucas

138. Evaluation of the Cellular Immune Response in Transplantation, Nancy L. Reinsmoen and Adriana Zeevi

139. Molecular Characterization of Rejection in Solid Organ Transplantation, Choli Hartono, Darshana Dadhania, and Manikkam Suthanthiran

140. Human Natural Killer Cell Receptors, Dolly B. Tyan and Mary Carrington

141. Assessment of Engraftment and Chimerism in Stem Cell Transplantation, Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe



R. Laboratory Management

Volume Editor: James D. Folds

Section Editor: Ronald J. Harbeck



142. Clinical Immunology Laboratory Accreditation, Licensure, and Credentials, Linda Cook and Ronald J. Harbeck