Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Ankle

Dolfi Herscovici, Jr, DO, FAAOS, Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Hudson, FL, USA
Jeffrey O. Anglen, MD, FIOTA, Sadhana Boneworks PC, Indianapolis, IN, USA
John S. Early, MD, Texas Orthopedic Institute, Dallas, TX, USA

Part I. General Considerations for Ankle Injury.- Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology of the Ankle Joint.- Biomechanics of the Ankle Joint.- Radiographic Evaluation of the Ankle Joint.- Evaluation of Ankle Pain.- Part II. Soft Tissue Disorders of the Ankle.- Management of Ankle Tendon Pathology.- Management of Ankle Ligament Injuries.- Management of Ankle Nerve Disorders.- Part III. Ankle Fractures.- Classification of Ankle Fractures.- Pre-operative Management and Evaluation of Ankle Fractures.- Emergency Management of Ankle Fractures.- Management of Unimalleolar Fractures.- Management of Bimalleolar Fractures.- Management of Trimalleolar Fractures.- Management of Fractures of the Tibial Plafond.-  Management ofTalus Fractures.- Part IV. The Diabetic Ankle.-  Management of Acute Diabetic Ankle Fractures.- Management of the Charcot Ankle.- Part V. Chronic Ankle Problems.- Management of Nonunions, Malunions and Late Syndesmotic Injuries.- Management of Ankle Infections.- Non-operative Management of Ankle Arthritis.- Post-traumatic Ankle Arthritis: Fusions.- Post-traumatic Ankle Arthritis: Arthroplasty.- Part VI. Selected Topics on the Ankle.- Management of Ankle Wounds.- Management of Osteochondral Disorders of the Ankle.