Chromatographic Methods in Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology

Professor R.L. Bertholf, Associate Professor and Director of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Pathology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA. Dr R.E. Winecker, Chief Toxicologist, North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.

Preface. List of Contributors. 1. Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Method Validation in Chromatographic Applications (Michele L. Merves and Bruce A. Goldberger). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 History. 1.3 Definition of Quality Assurance and Quality Control. 1.4 Professional Organizations. 1.5 Internal Quality Assurance and Control. 1.6 External Quality Assurance. References. 2. Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Measurement of Anabolic Steroids (Don H. Catlin, Yu-Chen Chang, Borislav Starcevic and Caroline K. Hatton). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 LC-MS Analysis of Synthetic Steroids or Animal Samples. 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Natural Androgens in Human Samples. 2.4 Conclusion. References. 3. High-performance Liquid Chromatography in the Analysis of Active Ingredients in Herbal Nutritional Supplements (Amitava Dasgupta). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 St Johna??s Wort. 3.3 Herbal Supplements with Digoxin-like Immunoreactivity. 3.4 Herbal Remedies and Abnormal Liver Function Tests. 3.5 Ginkgo Biloba. 3.6 Echinacea. 3.7 Valerian. 3.8 Feverfew. 3.9 Garlic. 3.10 Ephedra (Ma Huang) and Related Drugs. 3.11 Conclusions. References. 4. Measurement of Plasma L-DOPA and L-Tyrosine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Tumor Marker in Melanoma (Thierry Le Bricon, Sabine Letellier, Konstantin Stoitchkov and Jean-Pierre Garnier). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Melanogenesis. 4.3 L-DOPA Alone. 4.4 L-DOPA/L-Tyrosine Ratio. 4.5 Conclusion. References. 5. Hypersensitive Measurement of Proteins by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Feng Zhou and Murray Johnston). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 A Robust CIEF-RPLC Interface. 5.3 First-Generation CIEF-RPLC-MS System for Proteins. 5.4 Second-Generation CIEF-RPLC-MS System. 5.5 Future Improvements. Acknowledgment. References. 6. Chromatographic Measurement of Transferrin Glycoforms for Detecting Alcohol Abuse and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (Anders Helander). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Transferrin Microheterogeneity. 6.3 Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin (CDT). 6.4 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). 6.5 Analytical Methods for Transferrin Microheterogeneity. 6.6 Chromatographic Methods for CDT. 6.7 Chromatographic Methods for CDG. 6.8 Summary and Conclusions. References. 7. Chromatographic Measurements of Catecholamines and Metanephrines (Eric C. Y. Chan and Paul C. L. Ho). 7.1 Background. 7.2 Analytical Measurements of Catecholamines and Metanephrines. 7.3 Early Methods. 7.4 Current Chromatographic Methods. 7.5 Practical Considerations for the Stability of Urinary Catecholamines and Metanephrines During Storage. 7.6 Future Developments. Dedication. References. 8. Chromatographic Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (Larry A. Broussard). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 General Considerations. 8.3 Intended Use. 8.4 Volatility of Compounds. 8.5 Sample Collection, Handling and Storage. 8.6 Headspace Gas Chromatographic Methods. 8.7 Columns and Detectors. 8.8 Identification, Quantitation and Confirmation. 8.9 Ethanol and Other Volatile Alcohols. 8.10 Inhalants and Screening for Multiple VOCs. 8.11 Interpretation. 8.12 Conclusion. References. 9. Chromatographic Techniques for Measuring Organophosphorus Pesticides (H. Wollersen and F. Musshoff). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPs). 9.3 Conclusion. References. 10. Chromatographic Analysis of Nerve Agents (Jeri D. Ropero-Miller). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Neuromuscular Blockers. 10.3 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: Saxitoxin. 10.4 Summary. References. 11. History and Pharmacology of c-Hydroxybutyric Acid (Laureen Marinetti). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 History of Illicit Use of GHB. 11.3 Clinical Use of GHB in Humans. 11.4 History of Illicit Use of GBL and 1,4BD. 11.5 Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of GHB, GBL and 1,4BD. 11.6 GHB Interpretation Issues and Post-mortem Production. 11.7 Analysis for GHB, GBL and 1,4BD. References. 12. Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection for Element Speciation: Clinical and Toxicological Applications (Katarzyna Wrobel, Kazimierz Wrobel and Joseph A. Caruso). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection. 12.3 Analytical Applications of Clinical and Toxicological Relevance. 12.4 Conclusions and Future Trends. 12.5 Abbreviations. References. 13. Applications of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to the Determination of Toxic Metals (Suresh K. Aggarwal, Robert L. Fitzgerald and David A. Herold). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Instrumentation. 13.3 Experimental Procedure. 13.4 GC-MS Studies. 13.5 Conclusions. References. Index..