Endocrine Surgery Clerkship

Rajshri M. Gartland, MD, MPH, FACS, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

James A. Lee, MD, FACS, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Basic overview of endocrine surgery, historical pearls, and how to best prepare for cases.- Part I. Thyroid.- Thyroid Gland Anatomy & Physiology.- Hyperthyroidism: Differential Diagnosis & Surgical Management.- Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Ultrasound, Fine Needle Aspiration, Bethesda System, and Molecular Profiles.- Goiter and Benign Thyroid Nodules.- Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.- Medullary Thyroid Cancer.- Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, Metastasis to the Thyroid, and Thyroid Lymphoma.- Thyroidectomy: Techniques, Adjuncts, and Potential Complications.- Central and Lateral Neck Dissection: Techniques and Potential Complications.- Interventional Endocrinology: Techniques, Indications, and Potential Complications.- Part II.Parathyroid.- Parathyroid Anatomy and Physiology.- Workup and Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism.- Parathyroid Cancer and Hypercalcemic Crisis.- Parathyroidectomy: Techniques, Adjuncts, and Potential Complications.- Part III.Adrenal.- Adrenal Gland Anatomy and Physiology.- Adrenal Incidentaloma: Differential Diagnosis and Workup.- Hypercortisolism.- Hyperaldosteronism.- Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.- Adrenal Metastasis and Adrenocortical Carcinoma.- Minimally Invasive Adrenalectomy: Techniques and Potential Complications.- Open Adrenalectomy: Techniques and Potential Complication.- Part IV.Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine.- Evaluation and Diagnosis of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors.- Surgery for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Techniques and Potential Complications.- Surgery for Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, and Rectum: Techniques and Potential Complications.- Part V.Special Considerations.- Familial Endocrine Syndromes.- Reoperative Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery.- Disparities in Endocrine Surgery Care.- Helpful Online and Print References.