Physical Diagnosis of Pain

Brief Author Bio: (150 words limit per author/editor) Steven D Waldman is an internationally recognized expert and pioneer in the specialty of Pain Medicine. Dr Waldman has received numerous awards and honors and is the author of over twenty textbooks and numerous academic articles on the specialty of Pain Management. His main clinical work is as an interventional pain management physician as well as being an active member of the medical staff at Truman Medical Center at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He is a former President of the Society of Pain Practice Management (SPPM) Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Professor of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine

Section 1: The Cervical Spine 1. Functional Anatomy of the Bony Cervical Spine 2. Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc 3. Nomenclature of the Diseased Cervical Disc 4. Visual Inspection of the Cervical Spine 5. Palpation of the Cervical Spine 6. Physical Examination of the Cervical Spine: Range of Motion 7. The Cervical Dermatomes 8. The C5 Neurologic Level 9. The C6 Neurologic Level 10. The C7 Neurologic Level 11. The C8 Neurologic Level 12. The Spurling Test for Cervical Radiculopathy Secondary to Herniated Disc or Cervical Spondylosis 13. The Axial Loading Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease 14. The Hoffman Test for Cervical Myelopathy 15. Painful Conditions Emanating from the Cervical Spine Section 2: The Shoulder 16. Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint 17. Visual Inspection of the Shoulder 18. Palpation of the Shoulder 19. External Rotation of the Shoulder 20. Internal Rotation of the Shoulder 21. Crossed Arm Adduction of the Shoulder 22. Abduction of the Shoulder 23. Painful Conditions of the Shoulder 24. Shoulder Instability Syndromes 25. The Anterior Drawer Test 26. The Apprehension Test for Anterior Instability 27. The Jobe Relocation Test for Anterior Instability 28. The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability 29. The Jerk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability 30. An Overview of Shoulder Impingement Syndromes 31. The Neer Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes 32. The Hawkins Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes 33. Bicipital Tendinitis 34. Bicipital Tendinitis 35. The Yergason Test for Bicipital Tendinitis 36. The Snap Test for Subluxing Biceps Tendon Syndrome 37. The Gerber Lift-off Test for Subscapularis Muscle 38. The Snapping Scapula Test 39. The Ludington Test for Ruptured Long Tendon of the Biceps 40. Clinical Correlates: Diseases of the Rotator Cuff 41. The Drop Arm Test for Complete Rotator Cuff Tear 42. The Dawbarn Sign for Supraspinatus Tendinitis 43. The Midarc Abduction Test for Infraspinatus Tendinitis 44. The Drop Arm Test for Subdeltoid Bursitis 45. The Adduction Release Test for Subcoracoid Bursitis 46. The Adduction Stress Test for Acromioclavicular Dysfunction 47. The Chin Adduction Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction 48. Sergeant's Chevron Test for Axillary Nerve Deficits 49. The Adson Maneuver for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 50. The Costoclavicular Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 51. Hyperabduction Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndorme Section 3: The Elbow 52. Functional Anatomy of the Elbow Joint 53. Visual Inspection of the Elbow 54. Palpation of the Elbow 55. Flexion and Extension of the Elbow 56. Supination and Pronation of the Elbow 57. The Froment Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow 58. The Wartenberg Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow 59. The Little Finger Adductor Test for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow 60. The Compression Test for Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 61. The Snap Sign for Snapping Triceps Syndrome 62. The Creaking Tendon Sign for Triceps Tendinitis 63. The Ballotment Test for Olecranon Bursitis 64. The Tennis Elbow Test 65. The Golfer's Elbow Test 66. The Brachialis Jump Test for Climber's Elbow Section 4: The Forearm 67. The Compression Test for Radial Tunnel Syndrome 68. The Forced Pronation Test for Pronator Syndrome 69. The Pinch Test for Anterior Interosseous Syndrome 70. The Creaking Tendon Sign for Intersection Syndrome Section 5: The Wrist and Hand 71. Functional Anatomy of the Wrist and Hand 72. Visual Inspection of the Wrist and Hand 73. Palpation of the Wrist and Hand 74. Extension of the Wrist and Hand 75. Flexion of the Wrist and Hand 76. Adduction of the Wrist and Hand 77. Abduction of the Wrist and Hand 78. Painful Conditions of the Wrist and Hand 79. Wristwatch Test for Cheiralgia Paresthetica 80. Finkelstein Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis 81. The Watson Stress Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb 82. The Ulnar Click Test for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome 83. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 84. The Tinel Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 85. The Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 86. The Opponens Weakness Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 87. The Opponens Pinch Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 88. The Two-Point Discrimination Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 89. The Dowart Hotdog Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 90. The Spread Sign for Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome 91. The Extreme Flexion/Extension Test for Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist 92. The Hunchback Carpal Sign for Carpal Boss 93. The Tuck Sign for Extensor Tenosynovitis of the Wrist and Hand 94. The Palmar Band Sign for Dupuytren's Contracture 95. The Catching Tendon Sign for Trigger Finger SYndrome 96. The Sausage Finger Sign for Psoriatic Arthritis 97. The Herberden Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joints 98. The Bouchard Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints 99. The Ice Water Test for Glomus Tumor of the Finger Section 6: The Chest Wall, Thorax and Thoracic Spine 100. The Winged Scapula Sign for Entrapment of the Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell 101. The Suprascapular Notch Sign for Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 102. The Shoulder Retraction Test for Costosternal Syndrome 103. The Swollen Costosternal Joint Sign for Tietze Syndrome 104. The Shrug Test for Sternoclavicular Joint Dysfunction 105. The Hooking Maneuver Test for Test for Slipping Rib Syndrome 106. The Flexion Test for Acute Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture Section 7: The Lumbar Spine 107. Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 108. An Overview of the Nomenclature of the Diseased Lumbar Disc 109. Visual Inspection of the Lumbar Spine 110. Palpation of the Lumbar Spine 111. Range of Motion of the Lumbar Spine 112. The Lumbar Dermatomes 113. The L4 Neurologic Level 114. The L5 Neurologic Level 115. The S1 Neurologic Level 116. The Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation 117. The Sitting Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation 118. The Naffziger Jugular Compression Test for an Equivocal Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test 119. The Flip Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 120. The Buckling Knee Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 121. The Spurling Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 122. The Bragard Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 123. The Ely Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 124. The Fajersztajn Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 125. The Stoop Test for Spinal Stenosis 126. The Babinski Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System 127. The Chaddock Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System 128. The Oppenheim Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System 129. An Overview of Painful Conditions Emanating from the Lumbar Spine Section 8: The Abdominal Wall and Pelvis 130. The Sit-Up Sign for Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 131. The Waddling Gait Sign for Osteitis Pubis 132. The Numb Medial Thigh Sign for Obturator Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 133. The Novice Skier Sign for Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 134. The Burning Lateral Thigh Sign of Meralgia Paresthetica Section 9: The Hip 135. Functional Anatomy of the Hip 136. Visual Inspection of the Hip 137. Palpation of the Hip 138. Flexion of the Hip 139. Extension of the Hip 140. Abduction of the Hip 141. Adduction of the Hip 142. Internal Rotation of the Hip 143. External Rotation of the Hip 144. Painful Conditions of the Hip 145. The Thomas Test for Flexion Deformity of the Hip 146. The Trendelenburg Test for Weak Hip Abductors 147. The Hopalong Cassidy Sign for Antalgic Gait 148. The Patrick/FABER Test for Hip Pathology 149. The Waldman Knee Squeeze Test for Adductor Tendinitis 150. The Resisted Hip Extension Test for Ischial Bursitis 151. The Resisted Hip Abduction Test for Gluteal Bursitis 152. The Resisted Adduction Test for Ilioposas Bursitis 153. The Abduction Resistance Test for Trochanteric Bursitis Pain 154. The Ober Test for Iliotibial Band Syndrome 155. The Snap Sign for Snapping Hip Syndrome Section 10: The Knee 156. Functional Anatomy of the Knee 157. Visual Inspection of the Knee 158. Palpation of the Knee 159. Flexion of the Knee 160. Extention of the Knee 161. Rotation of the Knee 162. The Bulge Sign for Small Knee Effusions 163. The Ballotment Test for Large Knee Fusions 164. The Valgus Stress Test for Medial Collateral Ligament Integrity 165. The Varus Stress Test for Lateral Collateral Ligament Integrity 166. The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity 167. The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity 168. The Lachman Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity 169. The Pivot Shift Test for Anterolateral Rotary Instability 170. The Perkin's Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome 171. The Fairbanks Apprehension Sign for Lateral Patellar Subluxation 172. The McMurray Test for Torn Meniscus 173. The Apley Grinding Test for Mensical Tear 174. An Overview of Painful Conditions of the Knee 175. The Twist Test for Semimembranus Insertion Syndrome 176. The Knee Extension Sign for Quadraceps Expansion Syndrome 177. Bursitis of the Knee 178. The Creaking Tendon Sign for Hamstring Tendinitis 179. The Bump Sign For Baker Cyst of the Knee Section 11: The Ankle and Foot 180. Functional Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot 181. Visual Inspection of the Ankle and Foot 182. Palpation of the Ankle and Foot 183. The Wave Test for Joint Effusion 184. The Anterior Drawer Sign for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency 185. The Eversion Test for Deltoid Ligament Insufficiency 186. The Inversion Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency 187. The Tinel Sign for Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome 188. The Tinel Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome 189. The Creak Sign for Achilles Tendinitis 190. The Calcaneal Jump Sign for Plantar Fasciitis 191. The Mulder Test for Morton Neuroma