Neurology

Robin Howard, PhD, FRCP, FFICM, trained in medicine in Cambridge and at The Middlesex Hospital. His neurology training was in Oxford, London and at the National Hospital Queen Square. He undertook his PhD in the Sobell Department of Neurophysiology at the Institute of Neurology. He has been Consultant Neurologist at The National Hospital, Queen Square and St. Thomas' Hospital, Honorary Professor at The Institute of Neurology, University College and Honorary Civilian Adviser to The Royal Navy since 1992. He is Head of Service for a large general neurological practice at St. Thomas' and neurologist to 3 intensive care units. He is senior neurologist to specialist units for the care of patients with myasthenia gravis, motor neurone disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and postpolio syndrome at both Queen Square and St Thomas’s Hospital and has written and lectured extensively on each of the subjects. He has been a senior editor and contributor to all 3 editions of Neurology – A Queen Square Textbook.

Dimitri M. Kullmann, FMedSci, FRS, Dimitri Kullmann trained in medicine in Oxford and London, and completed a DPhil in Oxford. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of California San Francisco, he trained in neurology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, and established a laboratory focusing on synaptic transmission at the Institute of Neurology. He is now a Professor of Neurology at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, and Honorary Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. His research interests include the fundamental mechanisms of synapse function, neurological channelopathies, and gene therapy for epilepsy. He was the Editor of Brain from 2014 to 2020, and is on the Editorial Board of Neuron. He was made a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2001 and of the Royal Society in 2018.

David Werring, PhD, FRCP, FESO, David trained in medicine at Guy’s hospital medical school and in neurology in London. He was appointed Consultant Neurologist at The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square in 2005. He is Professor of Clinical Neurology at the Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, and Honorary Consultant Neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. He delivers acute and outpatient stroke care and leads a research program focussed on intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel disease. He is Head of the Research Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Chair of the Association of British Neurologists Stroke Advisory Group, Stroke Specialty Lead for the NIHR North Thames Clinical Research Network, President-Elect of the British and Irish Association of Stroke Physicians, and editorial board member of the European Journal of Neurology, European Stroke Journal, International Journal of Stroke and Practical Neurology. David chaired the UK Stroke Forum 2020-2022.

Michael S. Zandi, PhD, FRCP, Michael Zandi trained in medicine in Cambridge, and completed neurology training in Cambridge, Norwich and London, and a PhD in Cambridge with time in the laboratory of Angela Vincent at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine in Oxford. He is a consultant neurologist at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Honorary Associate Professor at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology. His research interests include the mechanisms, natural history and clinical treatments of autoimmune encephalitis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammation, neuroimmunology broadly, and the role of inflammation and autoimmune in cognitive and psychiatric disorders. He has given invited lectures at McGill, Washington (Julius Axelrod Brain series lecture), Sociedade de Neurologia da Bahia; Norwegian Neurological Association; Cultura UNAM Festival El Aleph - Festival de Arte y Ciencia Mexico; University California, Irvine; Pitié-Salpêtrière; Copenhagen University Hospital; Pontifical Academy of Sciences Casina Pio IV, Vatican City.

Contributors vii

About the Editors xiii

Foreword to the Third Edition xv

Preface to First Edition xvii

Preface to Second Edition xix

Preface to Third Edition xxi

Acknowledgements xxiii

1 Global Burden of Neurological Disease and the Neurology of Climate Change 1
Hadi Manji and Sanjay Sisodiya

2 Approach to the Patient with Neurological Disease 17
Robin Howard, Gerry Christofi, Alex Rossor, Jason Warren and David Werring

3 Decision Making, Ethics and Law in Neurology 37
Jonathan Martin and Alex Ruck Keene

4 Neuropathology: Introduction to History, Diagnostic Approaches, Techniques and their Interpretation 53
Sebastian Brandner

5 Neuroimaging 67
Frederik Barkhof and Francesco Carletti

6 Neurogenetics 79
Henry Houlden, Andrea Cortese and Edward J. Wild

7 Neuroimmunology 91
Michael Zandi, Aisling Carr, Rachel Brown and Michael Lunn

8 Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 107
David Werring, Matthew Adams, Laura Benjamin, Martin Brown, Arvind Chandratheva, Peter Cowley, Joan Grieve, Fiona Humphries, Hans Rolf Jäger, Nicholas Losseff, Richard Perry, Robert Simister and Ahmed Toma

9 Movement Disorders 199
Thomas Foltynie, Kailash Bhatia, Carla Cordivari, Eileen Joyce, Prasad Korlipara, Patricia Limousin, Tabish A. Saifee, Sarah Tabrizi and Thomas Warner

10 Epilepsy and Related Disorders 247
John Duncan, Josemir Sander, Ali Alim-Marvasti, Simona Balestrini, Sallie Baxendale, Dorothea Bindman, Krishna Chinthapalli, Fahmida Chowdhury, Beate Diehl, Sofia Eriksson, Jackie Foong, Dominic Heaney, Sofia Khan, Matthias Koepp, Dimitri Kullmann, Sanjeev Rajakulendran, Fergus Rugg-Gunn, Meneka Sidhu, Sanjay Sisodiya, Jane de Tisi, Maria Thom, Matthew Walker and Mahinda Yogarajah

11 Cognitive Impairment and Dementia 319
Jason Warren, John Collinge, Nick Fox, Simon Mead, Catherine Mummery, Jonathan Rohrer, Martin Rossor, Jonathan Schott and Rimona Weil

12 Infection in the Nervous System 369
Robin Howard, Laura Benjamin, Sophia De-Saram, Catherine Houlihan and Hadi Manji

13 Cranial Nerve Disorders 433
Robin Howard, Jeremy Chataway and Paul Jarman

14 Spinal Column and Spinal Cord Disorders 463
Tabish A. Saifee, Simon Farmer, Sachit Shah and David Choi

15 Disorders of the Motor Cells: The Motor Neuron Diseases 499
Andrea Malaspina, Jan Clarke, Pietro Fratta, Robin Howard, Ross Nortley, Richard Orrell, Rickie Patani, Katie Sidle and Michaela Waltho

16 Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves 517
Michael Lunn, Alex Rossor and Mary Reilly

17 Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction 561
Jennifer Spillane, Robin Howard, Dimitri Kullmann and Georgiana Logou

18 Disorders of Muscle 575
Jasper Morrow, Michael Hanna, Matt Parton and Christopher Turner

19 Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases 603
Siobhan Leary, Wallace Brownlee, Noreen Barker, Declan Chard, Jeremy Chataway, Karen Chung, Olga Ciccarelli, Gavin Giovannoni, Nevin John, Zhaleh Khaleeli, Josephine Swanton, Ahmed Toosy, Anand Trip, Heather Wilson and Alan Thompson

20 Neuro-Oncology 655
Jeremy Rees, Sebastian Brandner, Naomi Fersht, Joan Grieve, Gary Hotton, Michael Kosmin, Vittorio Russo, Lewis Thorne and Steffi Thust

21 Headache 721
Manjit Matharu, Paul Shanahan, Tim Young and Salwa Kamourieh

22 Neuro-Ophthalmology 741
James Acheson, Fion Bremner, Sara Ajina, Gordon Plant, Robin Howard, Alexander Leff and Ahmed Toosy

23 Neuro-Otology: Dizziness, Balance and Hearing 797
Diego Kaski, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Adolfo Bronstein and Nehzat Koohi

24 Cerebellar Ataxias and Related Conditions 839
Nicholas Wood

25 Restorative Neurology, Rehabilitation and Brain Injury 855
Valerie Stevenson, Sara Ajina, Gerry Christofi, Rachel Farrell, Richard Greenwood, Camille Julien, Siobhan Leary, Alexander Leff, Orlando Swayne, Richard Sylvester and Nick Ward

26 Toxic, Metabolic and Physical Insults to the Nervous System 903
Robin Howard, Talal Al-Mayhani, Aisling Carr, Alexander Leff, Jasper Morrow and Alexander Rossor

27 Inherited Disorders of Metabolism 945
Elaine Murphy, Charlotte Ellerton, Simon Heales, Robin Lachmann, David Lynch and Robert Pitceathly

28 Disorders of Consciousness and Intensive Care Neurology 987
Robin Howard, Dimitri Kullmann, Andrew Paget, Jennifer Spillane and Manni Waraich

29 Disorders of Sleep 1049
Sofia Eriksson, Robin Howard, Sofia Khan and Matthew Walker

30 Neuropsychiatry 1061
Eileen Joyce and Dorothea Bindman

31 Pain in Neurological Disorders 1075
Alan Fayaz and Anupam Bhattacharjee

32 Autonomic Aspects of Neurology 1097
Valeria Iodice, Gordon Ingle, Christopher Mathias and Patricia McNamara

33 Uro-Neurology 1137
Jalesh N. Panicker, Sara Simeoni and Mahreen Pakzad

34 Systemic Conditions and Neurology 1155
David Werring, Aisling Carr, Robin Howard, Dimitri Kullmann and Michael Zandi

35 Palliative Care in Neurology 1203
Jonathan Martin, Jan Clarke, Robin Howard and Michaela Waltho

Index 1219