The Fetus in Three Dimensions

Asim Kurjak, Guillermo Azumendi

1. 3D and 4D sonography: How to use it properly – technical advice. 2. 3D sonoembryology and fetal anatomy. 3. Early pregnancy failure. 4. Ultrasound imaging of early extraembryonic structures. 5. Normal and abnormal early human structural development. 6. Markers of chromosomal anomalies studied by 3D sonography. 7. Assessment of fetal movements in the 1st trimester. 8. Maternal, placental, and fetal circulation: What does 3D power Doppler add? 9. 3D power Doppler in the diagnosis and assessment of gestational trophoblastic disease. 10. 3D and 4D sonographic evaluation of the fetal heart. 11. 3D sonography in the study of the fetal face. 12. CNS: Normal anatomy and malformations. 13. Fetal thorax by 3D sonography. 14. Gastrointestinal tract and internal abdominal wall. 15. The fetus with an abdominal wall defect. 16. Urologic tract diseases: 2D versus 3D sonography and biochemical markers. 17. Skeletal anomalies. 18. Fetal tumors. 19. IUGR fetus studied by 3D and 4D sonography. 20. Volumetric fetal organ measurements by 3D sonography. 21. Recent advances in neurophysiology. 22. Normal standards for fetal neurobehavioral developments. 23. Fetal yawning, hearing, and learning. 24. Assessment of multifetal pregnancies by 3D/4D sonography. 25. General movements during prenatal and early postnatal life. 26. The use of 3D and 4D sonography in the neonatal period. 27. Is 3D and 4D sonography safe for the fetus?