Practical Lessons in Endodontic Surgery

Part 1 Examination and diagnosis: when endodontic surgery should be considered; preclinical evaluation of the patient; medical considerations; clinical considerations; radiographic considerations; case presentation; patient consent. Part 2 Preparation for surgery: operatory and surgical equipment preparation; patient preparation; preparation of surgeon and surgical assistant; patient management; selecting surgical instruments. Part 3 Surgical techniques: flap design; incision; elevation; retraction; osteotomy; curettage; biopsy; apicoectomy; apical approach to the palatal root; retrograde instrumentation - root end preparation; haemorrhage control; root end filling materials; root end filling procedure; suture materials; suturing; microsurgery. Part 4 Postsurgical care: immediate postsurgical care; postsurgical instructions; general antibiotic management; postsurgical pain; postsurgical bleeding; postsurgical swelling; postsurgical flap problems; postsurgical evaluation and suture removal. Part 5 Surgical management of difficult endodontic conditions: incision for drainage; perforation; root ampotation, hemisection and redectomy; periodontics and endodontics; exploratory surgery; extraction and replantation.