Netter's Gastroenterology

Dr. Floch is a Clinical Professor of Medicine at Yale University where he recently formed the Fellow's Clinic in the Digestive Disease Section supervising all gastrointestinal trainees in consultation on problem cases. He is a Master of the American College of Gastroenterology (MACG) and an American Gastroenterology Association Fellow (AGAF) as well as a Fellow of the American College of Physicians (FACP). He formerly was Chairman of Medicine at Norwalk Hospital and the Founding Chief of Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Norwalk. He is Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology and has written five books including the 2nd edition of the textbook Netter's Gastroenterology".Dr. Floch is renowned for his work in gastric and intestinal diseases and probiotics. He lectures nationally and internationally, haven given Grand Rounds at Harvard, Brown, UMass, and UConn among others. He is a consultant to Pfizer, Proctor & Gamble, Dannon, Shire and Biocodex.His research has been extensive in gastroenterology having had grants from the Armed Forces and National Institute of Health.Dr. Floch has a FWCI of 1.18 and has the majority (76%) of his content published in gastroenterology journals. 8.7% of his work appears in the top 10% most cited journals worldwide.Dr. Floch has experience with national, international, institutional and single authorship.

I. Esophagus Neil R. Floch Chapter 1: Topographic Relations of the Esophagus2 Chapter 2: Musculature of the Esophagus6 Chapter 3: Arterial Blood Supply of the Esophagus10 Chapter 4: Venous Drainage of the Esophagus12 Chapter 5: Innervation of the Esophagus: Parasympathetic and Sympathetic15 Chapter 6: Intrinsic Innervation of the Alimentary Tract 18 Chapter 7: Histology of the Esophagus21 Chapter 8: Gastroesophageal Junction and Diaphragm23 Chapter 9: Deglutition27 Chapter 10: Neuroregulation of Deglutition33 Chapter 11: Congenital Anomalies of the Esophagus37 Chapter 12: Shatzki Ring40 Chapter 13: Plummer-Vinson Syndrome42 Chapter 14: Esophageal Spasm Syndromes44 Chapter 15: Achalasia48 Chapter 16: Esophageal Diverticula52 Chapter 17: Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus57 Chapter 18: Caustic Injury of the Esophagus60 Chapter 19: Esophageal Rupture and Perforation63 Chapter 20: Esophageal Varicosities66 Chapter 21: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease70 Chapter 22: Esophagitis: Acute and Chronic 76 Chapter 23: Esophageal Ulcers79 Chapter 24: Esophageal Stricture82 Chapter 25: Sliding and Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernias, Types 1, 2, and 384 Chapter 26: Barrett Esophagus91 Chapter 27: Benign Neoplasms of the Esophagus95 Chapter 28: Malignant Neoplasms: Upper and Middle Portions of the Esophagus98 Chapter 29: Malignant Neoplasms: Lower End of the Esophagus100 II. Stomach and Duodenum Martin H. Floch Chapter 30: Anatomy of the Stomach: Normal Variations and Relations106 Chapter 31: Anatomy and Relations of the Duodenum109 Chapter 32: Mucosa of the Stomach112 Chapter 33: Duodenal Mucosa and Duodenal Structures115 Chapter 34: Blood Supply and Collateral Circulation of Upper Abdominal Organs118 Chapter 35: Lymphatic Drainage of the Stomach121 Chapter 36: Innervation of the Stomach and the Duodenum124 Chapter 37: Gastric Secretion127 Chapter 38: Factors Influencing Gastric Activity130 Chapter 39: Role of the Stomach in Digestion133 Chapter 40: Tests for Gastric Acid Secretion136 Chapter 41: Effect of Drugs on Gastric Function139 Chapter 42: Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy142 Chapter 43: Coated Tongue, Halitosis, and Thrush145 Chapter 44: Aerophagia and Eructation148 Chapter 45: Motility of the Stomach151 Chapter 46: Gastroparesis and Gastric Motility Disorders154 Chapter 47: Pyloric Obstruction and the Effects of Vomiting158 Chapter 48: Nausea and Vomiting161 Chapter 49: Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis166 Chapter 50: Diverticula of the Stomach168 Chapter 51: Diverticula of the Duodenum170 Chapter 52: Dyspepsia (Functional Dyspepsia and Nonulcer Dyspepsia) 174 Chapter 53: Helicobacter pylori Infection177 Chapter 54: Gastritis181 Chapter 55: Peptic Ulcer Disease: Definition and Pathophysiology184 Chapter 56: Peptic Ulcer Disease: Acute Gastric Ulcers (Erosive Gastritis)188 Chapter 57: Peptic Ulcer Disease: Duodenitis and Ulcer of the Duodenal Bulb190 Chapter 58: Peptic Ulcer Disease: Complications193 Chapter 59: Gastrointestinal Bleeding197 Chapter 60: Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 200 Chapter 61: Benign Tumors of the Stomach203 Chapter 62: Gastric Lymphoma and MALT206 Chapter 63: Cancers of the Stomach209 Chapter 64: Tumors of the Duodenum213 Chapter 65: Principles of Gastric Surgery215 Chapter 66: Postgastrectomy Complications: Partial Gastrectomy218 Chapter 67: Effects of Total Gastrectomy222 III. Abdominal Wall Raul Rosenthal, David Podkameni, Flavia Soto, Guillermo Higa, Dario Berkowski, Colleen Kennedy, T. Cristina Sardinha, Emanuele Lo Menzo, Elias Chousleb, Samir Yebara Chapter 68: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall226 Chapter 69: Peritoneum229 Chapter 70: Pelvic Fascia and Perineopelvic Spaces233 Chapter 71: Inguinal Canal237 Chapter 72: Abdominal Regions and Planes241 Chapter 73: Abdominal Wall and Cavity: Congenital Abnormalities243 Chapter 74: Acute Abdomen245 Chapter 75: Alimentary Tract Obstruction248 Chapter 76: Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion252 Chapter 77: Other Vascular Lesions255 Chapter 78: Acute Peritonitis259 Chapter 79: Chronic Peritonitis261 Chapter 80: Cancer of the Peritoneum263 Chapter 81: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis (Familial Mediterranean Fever)266 Chapter 82: Abdominal Wounds of the Small Intestine269 Chapter 83: Abdominal Wounds of the Colon272 Chapter 84: Indirect and Direct Inguinal Hernias276 Chapter 85: Femoral Hernias282 Chapter 86: Abdominal Wall: Ventral Hernias285 Chapter 87: Lumbar, Obturator, Sciatic, and Perineal Hernias288 Chapter 88: Internal Hernias: Congenital Intraperitoneal Hernias291 IV. Small Intestine Martin H. Floch Chapter 89: Topography of the Small Intestine294 Chapter 90: Gross Structure of the Small Intestine296 Chapter 91: Microscopic Structure of the Small Intestine299 Chapter 92: Terminal Ileum301 Chapter 93: Imaging of the Small Intestine303 Chapter 94: Vascular Supply and Drainage in the Small Intestine306 Chapter 95: Innervation of the Small and Large Intestines310 Chapter 96: Visceral Reflexes315 Chapter 97: Congenital Abnormalities of the Small Intestine318 Chapter 98: Meckel Diverticulum320 Chapter 99: Motility and Dysmotility of the Small Intestine322 Chapter 100: Obstruction and Ileus of the Small Intestine325 Chapter 101: Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction328 Chapter 102: Ileostomy, Colostomy, and Gastroenteric Stromas332 Chapter 103: Intussusception of the Small Intestine335 Chapter 104: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders337 Chapter 105: Secretory, Digestive and Absorptive Functions of the Small Intestine341 Chapter 106: Gastrointestinal Hormones345 Chapter 107: Evaluation of the Small Bowel348 Chapter 108: Disaccharide Intolerance351 Chapter 109: Celiac Disease and Malabsorption355 Chapter 110: Whipple Disease360 Chapter 111: Diverticula363 Chapter 112: Diarrhea366 Chapter 113: Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome370 Chapter 114: Short Bowel Syndrome373 Chapter 115: Food Allergy377 Chapter 116: Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis381 Chapter 117: Benign Tumors of the Small Intestine384 Chapter 118: Malignant Tumors of the Small Intestine388 Chapter 119: Carcinoid Syndrome and Neuroendocrine Tumors391 V. Colon, Rectum, and Anus Martin H. Floch Chapter 120: Structure and Histology of the Colon396 Chapter 121: Sigmoid Colon399 Chapter 122: Rectum and Anal Canal401 Chapter 123: Vascular, Lymphatic, and Nerve Supply of the Large Intestine407 Chapter 124: Secretory, Digestive, and Absorptive Functions of the Colon and Colonic Flora411 Chapter 125: Probiotics414 Chapter 126: Anoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, and Colonoscopy417 Chapter 127: Laparoscopy420 Chapter 128: Stool Examination423 Chapter 129: Intestinal Bleeding426 Chapter 130: Motility and Dysmotility of the Large Intestine429 Chapter 131: Defecation433 Chapter 132: Pathophysiology of Defecation and Incontinence436 Chapter 133: Constipation439 Chapter 134: Effects of Drugs on the Colon442 Chapter 135: Megacolon445 Chapter 136: Sigmoid Volvulus448 Chapter 137: Volvulus of the Cecum450 Chapter 138: Diseases of the Appendix: Inflammation, Mucocele, and Tumors452 Chapter 139: Diverticulosis: Diverticular Disease of the Colon455 Chapter 140: Diverticulosis: Diverticulitis and Its Complications and Diverticular Bleeding 458 Chapter 141: Ulcerative Colitis: Definition and General Description462 Chapter 142: Ulcerative Colitis: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Complications465 Chapter 143: Ulcerative Colitis: Histologic Diagnosis and Dysplasia468 Chapter 144: Ulcerative Colitis: Surgical Treatment471 Chapter 145: Ileostomy and Colostomy474 Chapter 146: Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis and Pouchitis477 Chapter 147: Differentiating Features of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease480 Chapter 148: Crohn Disease484 Chapter 149: Crohn Disease: Complications and Surgical Therapy487 Chapter 150: Perianal Disease in Crohn Disease490 Chapter 151: Drug Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease492 Chapter 152: Microscopic Colitis (Lymphocytic or Collagenous Colitis)496 Chapter 153: Neoplasms of the Large Bowel: Colon Polyps499 Chapter 154: Neoplasms of the Large Bowel: Screening and Treatment of Colon Polyps502 Chapter 155: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Polyposis Syndromes505 Chapter 156: Colon Cancer: Clinical Picture and Diagnosis 508 Chapter 157: Colon Cancer: Staging, Treatment, and Outcome511 Chapter 158: Rectal Cancer514 Chapter 159: Hemorrhoids516 Chapter 160: Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia519 Chapter 161: Anal Fissure, Pruritis Ani, Papillitis, and Cryptitis522 Chapter 162: Anorectal Abscess and Fistula525 Chapter 163: Lymphogranuloma Venereum and Sexually Transmitted Proctitis528 Chapter 164: Fecal Incontinence531 VI. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the Alimentary Tract Martin H. Floch Chapter 165: Esophageal Infections536 Chapter 166: Typhoid Fever (Paratyphoid Fever, Enteric Fever)539 Chapter 167: Food Poisoning and Enteric Pathogens543 Chapter 168: Clostridium difficile and Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis548 Chapter 169: Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis550 Chapter 170: Abdominal Actinomycosis553 Chapter 171: Amebiasis556 Chapter 172: Giardia lamblia and Other Protozoan Infections559 Chapter 173: Trichuriasis563 Chapter 174: Enterobiasis565 Chapter 175: Ascariasis567 Chapter 176: Strongyloidiasis569 Chapter 177: Hookworm Disease (Necatoriasis and Ancylostomiasis)572 Chapter 178: Tapeworm (Cestode) Infection: Taenia saginata575 Chapter 179: Tapeworm Infection: Taenia solium578 Chapter 180: Tapeworm Infection: Hymenolepis nana580 Chapter 181: Tapeworm Infection: Diphyllobothrium latum582 Chapter 182: Other Helminth Infections: Trichinella spiralis and Flukes584 Chapter 183: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Gastrointestinal Tract587 VII. Pancreas C. S. Pitchumoni Chapter 184: Development and Anatomy of the Pancreas592 Chapter 185: Pancreatic Ducts595 Chapter 186: Pancreatic Physiology597 Chapter 187: Cystic Fibrosis600 Chapter 188: Acute Pancreatitis: Etiology and Clinical Picture603 Chapter 189: Acute Pancreatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis606 Chapter 190: Acute Pancreatitis: Complications610 Chapter 191: Chronic Pancreatitis: Disease Forms and Clinical Picture613 Chapter 192: Chronic Pancreatitis: Diagnosis, Complications, and Treatment616 Chapter 193: Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Picture620 Chapter 194: Pancreatic Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment623 Chapter 195: Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas625 Chapter 196: Islet Cell Tumors628 VIII. Gallbladder and Bile Ducts C. S. Pitchumoni Chapter 197: Anatomy and Function of the Gallbladder634 Chapter 198: Cholelithiasis (Gallstones): Stone Formation636 Chapter 199: Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis 640 Chapter 200: Cholecystitis: Acute643 Chapter 201: Cholecystitis: Complications646 Chapter 202: Choledocholithiasis and Cholangitis648 Chapter 203: Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction653 Chapter 204: Ampullary and Gallbladder Carcinoma656 Chapter 205: Cholangiocarcinoma659 IX. The Liver Kris Kowdley Chapter 206: Topography of the Liver662 Chapter 207: Surfaces and Bed of the Liver664 Chapter 208: Lesser Omentum and Variations in Form of the Liver666 Chapter 209: Cell Types Within the Liver668 Chapter 210: Vessel and Duct Distributions and Liver Segments673 Chapter 211: Arterial Blood Supply of the Liver, Biliary System, and Pancreas675 Chapter 212: Hepatic Artery Variations 679 Chapter 213: Portal Vein Tributaries and Portacaval Anastomoses681 Chapter 214: Portal Vein Variations and Anomalies683 Chapter 215: Liver Function Tests685 Chapter 216: Prothrombin Formation687 Chapter 217: Bilirubin and Bile Acid Metabolism689 Chapter 218: Clinical Manifestations of Cirrhosis693 Chapter 219: Physical Diagnosis of Liver Disease695 Chapter 220: Causes of Portal Hypertension697 Chapter 221: Ascites699 Chapter 222: Hepatic Encephalopathy702 Chapter 223: Hepatorenal Syndrome705 Chapter 224: Variceal Bleeding707 Chapter 225: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt712 Chapter 226: Liver Biopsy714 Chapter 227: Hepatic Necrosis717 Chapter 228: Cirrhosis719 Chapter 229: Imaging Studies of the Liver723 Chapter 230: Alcoholic Liver Disease727 Chapter 231: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nutritional Liver Diseases732 Chapter 232: Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction735 Chapter 233: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis739 Chapter 234: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis747 Chapter 235: Autoimmune Hepatitis751 Chapter 236: Acute Viral Hepatitis (Hepatitis A, E, D)753 Chapter 237: Hepatitis B758 Chapter 238: Hepatitis C761 Chapter 239: Hepatitis Caused by Other Viruses764 Chapter 240: Hepatotoxicity767 Chapter 241: Disorders of Bilirubin Transport771 Chapter 242: a1-Antitrypsin Deficiency774 Chapter 243: Hereditary Hemochromatosis775 Chapter 244: Liver Disease in Pregnancy779 Chapter 245: Benign Liver Tumors783 Chapter 246: Granulomatous Liver Diseases786 Chapter 247: Amebiasis790 Chapter 248: Wilson Disease792 Chapter 249: Hepatocellular Carcinoma795 Chapter 250: Liver Transplantation799 Chapter 251: Spirochetal Infections802 Chapter 252: Actinomycosis804 Chapter 253: Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease)806 Chapter 254: Schistosomiasis808 Chapter 255: The Liver in Heart Failure810 Chapter 256: Portal Vein Obstruction812 Chapter 257: Budd-Chiari Syndrome814 Chapter 258: Bile Duct Cancer816 Chapter 259: Metastatic Cancer819 Chapter 260: Trauma821 X. Nutrition of Gastrointestinal Disease James S. Scolapio Chapter 261: Dietary and Nutritional Assessment824 Chapter 262: Macronutrients and Energy829 Chapter 263: Micronutrient and Vitamin Deficiency830 Chapter 264: Enteral Nutrition 837 Chapter 265: Dietary Fiber 839 Chapter 266: Parenteral Nutrition844 Chapter 267: Malnutrition846 Chapter 268: Obesity848 Chapter 269: Gastrointestinal Diseases Related to Nutrition850 Index853