Spine Surgery

1.History 2.History of Spinal Instrumentation: The Modern Era SECTION 1 THE FUNDAMENTALS 3.Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Disorders of the Spine 4.Anatomy and Physiology of Congenital Spinal Lesions 5.Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Acquired Spinal Lesions 6.Neural Injury at the Molecular Level 7.Practical Anatomy and Fundamental Biomechanics 8.Physical and Neurological Examination 9.Spinal Masqueraders 10.Pathophysiology of Cervical Myelopathy: Biomechanical Concepts 11.Biology of Spine Fusion 12. Spine Fusion: Anatomy and Biomechanics of Bone-Bone Interface 13.Bone Void Fillers: Bone and Bone Substitutes 14.Osteointegration (Osseointegration) 15.Materials and Material Properties 16.Biomechanical Testing 17.Fundamentals of Spine Surgery 18.Preoperative and Surgical Planning for Avoiding Complications 19.Data Management 20.Education and Knowledge-Base Acquisition and Retention SECTION 2 ANATOMY AND SURGICAL APPROACHES AND EXPOSURES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 21.Occipital Cervical Region 22.The Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction 23.Thoracic Spine 24.The Lumbar and Sacral Spine SECTION 3 DECOMPRESSION AND ARTHRODESIS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE 3.1 DECOMPRESSION AND ARTHRODESIS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE 25.Upper Cervical and Craniocervical Decompression 26. Upper Cervical and Occipitocervical Arthodesis 27.Ventral and Ventrolateral Subaxial Decompression 28.Single and Multiple-Single Interbody Fusion Techniques 29.Threaded Interbody Cage Fixation for Cervical Spondylosis and Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament 30.Interbody Strut Techniques 31. Interbody Cages 32.Cervical Laminotomy, Laminectomy, Laminoplasty, and Foraminotomy 33.Interspinous, Laminar, and Facet Fusion 34.Combined Ventral-Dorsal Procedure 3.2 DECOMPRESSION AND ARTHRODESIS OF THE THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE 35.Ventral and Ventrolateral Spine Decompression and Fusion 36 Lateral Extracavitary Decompression 37.Retropleural Approach to the Ventral Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine 38.Laminotomy, Laminectomy, Laminoplasty, and Foraminotomy 39.Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion 40.Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion 41.Lumbar Interbody Cages 42.Dorsal and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fusion 3.3 TRAUMA SURGERY 43.Trauma Surgery: Occipitocervical Junction 44.Trauma Surgery: Cervical Spine 45.Trauma Surgery: Thoracic & Thoracolumbar Spine 46.Trauma Surgery: Fractures of the Lumbar and Sacral Spine 3.4 DISCECTOMY 47.Cervical Discectomy 48.Thoracic Discectomy 49.Lumbar Discectomy 50.Percutaneous Approaches to Lumbar Discectomy 51.The Black Disc 3.5 ARTHRITIDES AND RELATED DISORDERS 52.Cervical Spondylosis 53.Thoracic and Lumbar Spondylosis 54.Spondylolisthesis: Sagittal Plane Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction 55.Degenerative Rotatory Scoliosis: Coronal Plane Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction 56.Rheumatoid Arthritis 57.Ankylosing Spondylitis and Related Disorders 58.Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament 59.Scheuermann's Disease 3.6 DEFORMITY CORRECTION PRINCIPLES 60.Craniocervical Junction Deformities 61.Subaxial Cervical Deformities 62.Cervical Facet Dislocations: A Ventral Surgical Strategy for Decompression, Reduction, and Stabilization 63.Kyphotic Cervical Deformity Correction 64.Thoracic and Lumbar Deformities 65.Pediatric Spinal Deformities 66.Deformity Correction 67.Deformity Surgery: Thoracic and Lumbar 68.Ankylosing Spondylitis 3.7 TUMORS, VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS, AND RELATED LESIONS 69.Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions 70.Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Lesions 71.Spinal Intradural Vascular Malformations 72.Spinal Dural Vascular Malformations 73.Cauda Equina Syndrome 74.Primary Bony Spinal Lesions 75.Primary Bony Spinal Lesions: Surgery for Cure 76.Metastatic Spinal Tumors 77.Metabolic Bone Disease 78.Foramen Magnum Lesions 79.Sacral Lesions 80.Tarlov Cysts 3.8 PEDIATRIC SPINAL SURGERY AND SURGERY FOR CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 81.Occult Spinal Dysraphism and Tethered Spinal Cord 82.Myelomeningocele and Associated Anomalies 83.Anterior Sacral Meningocele 84.Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia 85. Chiari Malformations and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Fibromyalgia: A Paradigm for Care 3.9 ADJUNCTIVE MANAGEMENT DILEMMAS AND COMPLEX SURGICAL PROBLEMS 86.Evaluation of the Cervical Spine After Trauma 87. Revascularization and Scar Prevention: Omental Transposition and Spine Surgery 88.Spinal Wound Closure 89.Spinal Reoperations 90.Penetrating Spinal Cord Injuries 91.Vascularized Bone Grafts in Spine Surgery 92.Pain and Spasticity 93.Bone Graft Harvesting 94. Timing of Spine Surgery: Argument for Elective Surgery 95.Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques I 96.Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques II 97.Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty 98. The Obese Patient 99.Smoking, the Spine, and Spinal Fusion 100.The Geriatric Patient 101.Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System 102.The Value of Surgical Intervention in Spinal Trauma 103.Trauma Nonoperative Management 104.Complications of Peripheral Nerve Surgery SECTION 4 SPINAL INSTRUMENTATION 105.Basic Biomechanically Relevant Anatomy 106.Spinal Implant Attributes: Distraction, Compression, and Three-Point Bending 107.Spinal Implant Attributes: Cantilever Beam Fixation 108.Spinal Implant Attributes: Dynamic Spine Fixation 109.Biomechanics of Motion Preservation Strategies 110.Upper Cervical Screw Fixation Techniques 111.High Cervical and Occipitocervical Plate, Rod, Wire, and Bone Techniques 112.Ventral Subaxial Cervical Fixation Techniques 113.Subsidence and Dynamic Cervical Spine Stabilization 114.Ventral and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fixation Techniques 115.Dorsal Subaxial Cervical Instrumentation Techniques 116.Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Screw Fixation and Pedicle Fixation Technique 117.Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Simple Hook-Rod, Wire and Wire-Rod Techniques 118.Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Universal Spinal Instrumentation Techniques 119.Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Combined and Complex Techniques 120.Complex Lumbosacropelvic Fixation Techniques 121.Iatrogenic Spine Destabilization 122.Cervical Spine Construct Design 123.Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Construct Design 124.Fundamentals of Spine Deformity and Correction 124.Artificial Disc Prosthesis for the Cervical Spine 125.Artificial Disc - Lumbar SECTION 5 SPECIAL TOPICS 127.Surgical Incisions, Positioning, and Retraction 128.Blood Loss 129.Imaging: Trauma 130.Degenerative Disease and Infection: Role of Imaging 131.Preoperative Imaging for Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Surgery 132.Postoperative Imaging 133.Intraoperative Imaging of the Spine 134.Stereotactic Radiosurgery of the Spine 135.Somatosensory Evoked Potential for Spine Surgery 136.Electronic Diagnostic Studies 137.Spine Surgery Monitoring 138.Intraoperative Nonparalytic Monitoring 139.Anesthesia 140.Perioperative Management 141.Medical Management of the Patient with Spinal Cord Injury 142.Nutritional Care of the Spinal Cord Injured Patient 143.Skin and Wound Care 144.Medical Management of Adult and Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury 145.Spinal Traction 146.Orthoses: Complication Prevention and Management 147.Athlete with Spinal Injury 148.Nonoperative Management of Neck and Back Pain 149.Intradiscal Electrothermy Therapy 150.Neurologic Complications 151.Vascular and Soft-tissue Complications 152.Postoperative Spinal Deformation 153.Arachnoiditis 154.Infectious Complications of Spine Surgery 155.Medical Complications 156.Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula and Pseudomeningocele After Spine Surgery 157.Nonunion SECTION 6 CONTROVERSIES 158.Ventral Cervical Compression and Fusion: To Plate or Not To Plate Not to Plate To Plate 159.Cervical Spondylosis with Minimal Myelopathy: To Decompress or Not To Decompress To Decompress Not to Decompress 160.Bilateral Locked Cervical Facets with Incomplete Myelopathy: Open Versus Closed Reduction Open Reduction Closed Reduction 161.Cervical Spine Fusion: Allograft Versus Autograft Argument for Allograft Argument for Autograft 162.Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures with Ventral Mass Lesion: Ventral Versus Dorsal Operation Ventral Decompression and Stabilization Dorsal Decompression and Stabilization 163Reoperation for Failed Spinal Fusion: Augmentation of Fusion with Spinal Stimulation Argument Against Spinal Stimulation Argument for Spinal Stimulation 164Management of a Patient with Thoracolumbar Fracture with Complete Myelopathy and a 40"a Kyphotic Deformity: Operative or Recumbent Management Operative Management Recumbent Management 165.Management of Symptomatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty 166.Management of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Cervical Laminoplasty: Open Door Laminoplasty: French Door Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Laminectomy Smith-Robinson Technique Ventral Approach: Open-Window Corpectomy 167.Spondylotic Myelopathy with Cervical Kyphotic Deformity Ventral Approach Dorsal Approach Combined Ventral and Dorsal Approach 168.Management of Cervical Disc Herniation Dorsal Laminoforaminotomy Plus Discectomy Ventral Cervical Discectomy without Fusion Ventral Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Allograft and Plating Ventral Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Autograft and without Plating Ventral Cervical Discectomy with Artificial Disc 169. Ethical and Mediocolegal Aspects of Spine Surgery 170.Economics and Practice Management 171.The Rationale fro Practice Hygiene: Coding, Reimbursement, and Nomenclature 172.Intraoperative Crisis Management in Spine Surgery: What to Do When Things Go Bad