Diagnostic Pathology: Pediatric Neoplasms

Dr. Putnam is board certified in anatomic, clinical, and pediatric pathology and is a member of the University of Utah's Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology, based at Primary Children's Medical Center. She did her medical training in Salt Lake City, Utah at the University of Utah School of Medicine, and completed an AP/CP residency and pediatric pathology fellowship at the University of Utah. Dr. Putnam also completed a general surgical pathology fellowship at the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center. She devotes most of her time to autopsy and surgical pathology while at the same time teaching residents and fellows. She is developing a special interest in pediatric soft tissue tumors and sarcomas.

PART 1: SKIN Section 1: Benign 4 Blue Nevus Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 8 Epidermal Nevus Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 12 Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 14 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 18 Melanocytic Nevus Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 24 Nevus Sebaceus Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 26 Pilomatricoma Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 30 Pyogenic Granuloma Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 32 Rhabdomyomatous Mesenchymal Hamartoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD 34 Spitz Nevus Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 38 Syringoma Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 40 Trichilemmoma Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 44 Trichoepithelioma Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA 48 Verruca Vulgaris Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA Section 2: Borderline 52 Dysplastic Nevus Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA Section 3: Malignant Primary 56 Malignant Melanoma Christopher Lum, MD, Emily Leibovitch, BA, and Amity Tran, BA PART II: SOFT TISSUE Section 1: Benign 66 Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 68 Calcifying Fibrous Tumor Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 70 Cellular Neurothekeoma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 72 Congenital Hemangioma Kandi Stallings-Archer, MD 76 Lipomatosis Angelica R. Putnam, MD 78 Fetal Rhabdomyoma Cyril Fisher, MD, DSc, FRCPath 82 Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Angelica R. Putnam, MD 84 Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma of Nerve Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Cyril Fisher, MD, DSc, FRCPath 86 Fibromatosis Colli Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Cyril Fisher, MD, DSc, FRCPath 88 Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy Jessica M. Comstock, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD 90 Fibrous Histiocytoma Karen S. Thompson, MD 94 Fibrous Umbilical Polyp Larissa V. Furtado, MD 96 Gardner Fibroma Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 98 Giant Cell Fibroblastoma/Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Karen S. Thompson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 104 Glomuvenous Malformation Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 106 Infantile Hemangioma Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD, Angelica R. Putnam, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD 110 Inclusion Body Fibromatosis Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD 114 Infantile/Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD 116 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Karen S. Thompson, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 122 Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 124 Lipoblastoma Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 126 Lipofibromatosis Angelica R. Putnam, MD 128 Myofibroma and Myopericytoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD, Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD 134 Myositis Ossificans Angelica R. Putnam, MD 136 Neurofibroma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 142 Nodular Fasciitis Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 146 Proliferative Fasciitis/Myositis Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 148 Schwannoma Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 152 Spindle Cell Hemangioma Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 154 Tufted Angioma Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD Section 2: Borderline 158 Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD 160 Desmoid Fibromatosis Karen S. Thompson, MD 164 Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD Section 3: Malignant Primary 170 Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Karen S. Thompson, MD 172 Clear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue Jerad M. Gardner, MD 176 Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 182 Epithelioid Sarcoma Matthew R. Lindberg, MD 188 Infantile Fibrosarcoma Karen S. Thompson, MD 192 Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma/Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD 196 Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Karen S. Thompson, MD 202 Rhabdomyosarcoma Karen S. Thompson, MD 212 Synovial Sarcoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD 218 Undifferentiated Small Round Cell Sarcomas Karen S. Thompson, MD PART III: BONE AND JOINTSection 1: Benign 222 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Jessica M. Comstock, MD 226 Chondroblastoma Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 230 Chondromyxoid Fibroma Kelley E. Capocelli, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 236 Enchondroma Jessica M. Comstock, MD 238 Fibrous Dysplasia Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD 240 Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 244 Non-Ossifying Fibroma Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD 246 Osteoblastoma Kelley E. Capocelli, MD 250 Osteochondroma Sarah Culkin Mengshol, MD 254 Osteofibrous Dysplasia Karen S. Thompson, MD 256 Osteoid Osteoma Kelley E. Capocelli, MD 262 Simple Bone Cyst Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 266 Synovial Lipomatosis (Hoffa Disease) Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 268 Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Angelica R. Putnam, MD Section 2: Malignant Primary 274 Adamantinoma Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 276 Chondrosarcoma Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 282 Chordoma Jessica M. Comstock, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 284 Ewing Sarcoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 290 Osteosarcoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD PART IV: BREAST Section 1: Benign 304 Fibroadenoma Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 308 Fibrocystic Change Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 312 Gynecomastia Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 314 Juvenile Fibroadenoma Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 316 Juvenile Hypertrophy Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 318 Juvenile Papillomatosis Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 320 Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 324 Tubular Adenoma Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD Section 2: Borderline 328 Phyllodes Tumor Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD Section 3: Malignant Primary 334 Secretory Carcinoma Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and David G. Hicks, MD PART V: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Section 1: Gliomas, Glioneuronal Tumors, and Neuronal Tumors 340 Angiocentric Glioma Tarik Tihan, MD, PhD and Melike Pekmezci, MD 346 Astroblastoma, MN1-Altered Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD, Peter C. Burger, MD, and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD 352 Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34-Mutant Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD, B. K. Kleinschmidt- DeMasters, MD, and Melike Pekmezci, MD 354 Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered Melike Pekmezci, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD 360 Diffuse Pediatric-Type High-Grade Glioma, H3- Wildtype and IDH-Wildtype Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD 368 Ependymoma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 376 Other Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD 384 Infant-Type Hemispheric Glioma Melike Pekmezci, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD 386 Meningioangiomatosis Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD 390 Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma/Glioneuronal Tumors, Including MYB-, MYBL1-, MAPK-Altered Tumors Fausto J. Rodríguez, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD 394 Pilocytic Astrocytoma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD 400 Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD 406 Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young Melike Pekmezci, MD and B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD 410 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD Section 2: Choroid Plexus Tumors 418 Choroid Plexus Tumors Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD Section 3: Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors 428 Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD 434 Other Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD and Fausto J. Rodríguez, MD 446 Medulloblastoma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD Section 4: Pineal Tumors 458 Pineal Parenchymal Tumors Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD Section 5: Tumors of the Sellar Region 468 Craniopharyngioma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD 474 Pituitary Blastoma Alexandros D. Polydorides, MD, PhD, B. K. Kleinschmidt- DeMasters, MD, and Melike Pekmezci, MD PART VI: ENDOCRINESection 1: Endocrine Tumors 482 Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms Vania Nosé, MD, PhD 490 Follicular Thyroid Neoplasms Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Vania Nosé, MD, PhD 496 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Vania Nosé, MD, PhD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 502 Neuroblastic Tumors Jessica M. Comstock, MD, Karen S. Thompson, MD, and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 514 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD PART VII: HEAD AND NECKSection 1: Benign 524 Congenital Granular Cell Epulis Larissa V. Furtado, MD 528 Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 530 Pleomorphic Adenoma Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Brenda L. Nelson, DDS, MS 536 Salivary Gland Anlage Tumor Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 538 Sialoblastoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD Section 2: Malignant Primary 542 Acinic Cell Carcinoma Angelica R. Putnam, MD 544 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Brenda L. Nelson, DDS, MS 550 Retinoblastoma Jessica M. Comstock, MD PART VIII: THORACICSection 1: Benign 556 Cardiac Fibroma Aliya N. Husain, MD 558 Cardiac Rhabdomyoma Aliya N. Husain, MD 560 Cystic Teratoma of Heart Aliya N. Husain, MD 562 Conduction System Hamartoma Bahig M. Shehata, MD 566 Laryngotracheal Papillomatosis Aliya N. Husain, MD Section 2: Malignant Primary 570 Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Aliya N. Husain, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 574 Thymoma David I. Suster, MD and Saul Suster, MD PART IX: ALIMENTARY CANALSection 1: Benign 592 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Scott R. Owens, MD 596 Hamartomatous Polyps, Including Juvenile Polyps Cameron Beech, MD 600 Inflammatory Polyps Scott R. Owens, MD 604 Neuroendocrine Tumors Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD Section 2: Malignant Primary 610 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Elizabeth A. Montgomery, MD PART X: LIVER/PANCREAS Section 1: Benign 616 Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 618 Hepatic Adenomas Kimberley Evason, MD, PhD and Matthew M. Yeh, MD, PhD 622 Hepatic Hemangiomas Angelica R. Putnam, MD 626 Islet Cell Adenoma Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 628 Mesenchymal Hamartoma of Liver Larissa V. Furtado, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 630 Nesidioblastosis Larissa V. Furtado, MD 632 Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia Larissa V. Furtado, MD Section 2: Malignant Primary 636 Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma Kimberley Evason, MD, PhD, Larissa V. Furtado, MD, and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 640 Hepatoblastoma Larissa V. Furtado, MD, Karen S. Thompson, MD, and Angelica R. Putnam, MD 646 Pancreatoblastoma Larissa V. Furtado, MD 650 Pediatric Hepatocellular Carcinoma Kimberley Evason, MD, PhD 654 Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Sanjay Kakar, MD and Grace E. Kim, MD 658 Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma Karen S. Thompson, MD PART XI: RENAL Section 1: Benign 662 Pediatric Cystic Nephroma Angelica R. Putnam, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 666 Ossifying Renal Tumor of Infancy Karen S. Thompson, MD 668 Renal Metanephric Tumors Satish K. Tickoo, MD, Victor E. Reuter, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD Section 2: Malignant Primary 678 Clear Cell Sarcoma of Kidney Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 682 Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma Aliya N. Husain, MD 686 Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of Kidney Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD and Karen S. Thompson, MD 690 SMARCB1-Deficient Renal Medullary Carcinoma Karen S. Thompson, MD 692 TFE3- and TFEB-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinomas Satish K. Tickoo, MD and Victor E. Reuter, MD 700 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Kristine Cornejo, MD and Christie L. Boils, MD 710 Nephroblastic Tumors, Including Wilms Angelica R. Putnam, MD, Aliya N. Husain, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD PART XII: REPRODUCTIVE Section 1: Germ Cell Tumors 724 Choriocarcinoma (Nongestational) Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Esther Oliva, MD 726 Embryonal Carcinoma David Shimizu, MD and Koah Vierkoetter, MD 730 Germinoma Family of Tumors Silvia Skripenova, MD, Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD, and Karen S. Thompson, MD 734 Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ Steven S. Shen, MD, PhD, Muhammad T. Idrees, MD, and Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD 740 Gonadoblastoma Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Silvia Skripenova, MD 742 Teratomas Karen S. Thompson, MD and Silvia Skripenova, MD 750 Yolk Sac Tumor Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Silvia Skripenova, MD Section 2: Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors 756 Fibroma-Thecoma Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Silvia Skripenova, MD 758 Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor Jeffrey L. Killeen, MD and Silvia Skripenova, MD 760 Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors Koah Vierkoetter, MD, David Shimizu, MD, and Silvia Skripenova, MD PART XIII: HEMATOPOIETIC Section 1: Malignant Primary 766 Acute Myeloid Leukemias Kathryn Foucar, MD and Kaaren K. Reichard, MD 774 Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, ALK (+) Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 782 Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and Roberto N. Miranda, MD 794 B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias/Lymphomas Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 802 Burkitt Lymphoma Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 808 Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndrome Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Carla S. Wilson, MD, PhD 814 Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 822 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 828 Early T-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia David R. Czuchlewski, MD 830 Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, Devon Chabot-Richards, MD, and Qian-Yun Zhang, MD, PhD 834 Mastocytosis Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 842 Myeloid Neoplasms With Germline Predisposition Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and David R. Czuchlewski, MD 844 Myeloid Proliferations Related to Down Syndrome Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and David R. Czuchlewski, MD 848 Myeloid Sarcoma Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 854 Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, Pei Lin, MD, and L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD 866 Overview of Lymphoproliferative Disorders Associated With Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, MD, and Roberto N. Miranda, MD 872 Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Jeremy C. Wallentine, MD 876 Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Mohammad A. Vasef, MD 882 Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma Andrea N. Marcogliese, MD and Francisco Vega, MD, PhD 892 T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemias/Lymphomas Mohammad A. Vasef, MD