Portal Hypertension

Historical Perspective.- Portal Hypertension.- Pathobiology and Experimental Progress in Portal Hypertension.- Anatomy and Vascular Biology of the Cells in the Portal Circulation.- Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Increased Intrahepatic Resistance and Hemodynamic Correlates.- Molecular Mechanisms of Systemic Vasodilation and Hyperdynamic Circulatory State of Cirrhosis.- Mechanisms of Sodium Retention, Ascites Formation, and Renal Dysfunction in Cirrhosis.- Hepatic Hemodynamics in Portal Hypertension.- Neovascularization, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Remodeling in Portal Hypertension.- Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics and Dysfunction in Portal Hypertension.- Methodology to Assess Portal Hypertension in Humans.- Measurement of Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient.- Evaluation of Portal Hemodynamics Using Indicator Dilution and Noninvasive Techniques.- Endoscopic Assessment of Portal Hypertension Including Variceal Pressure Measurements.- Natural History and Treatment of Esophageal Varices.- Clinical Features and Natural History of Variceal Hemorrhage.- Management Strategies for the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Esophageal Variceal Rupture.- Pharmacologic Therapy for Management of Esophageal Varices.- Endoscopic Treatment for Bleeding Esophageal Varices.- Surgical Therapies for Management.- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent-Shunt.- Clinical Features and Management of Gastric Varices, Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy, and Ectopic Varices.- Natural History and Treatment of Ascites and Hepatorenal Syndrome.- Ascites.- Management of Ascites.- Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and Other Infections in Cirrhosis.- Diagnosis and Management of the Hepatorenal Syndrome.- Evaluation and Treatment in Special Circumstances of Portal Hypertension.- Pregnancy and Portal Hypertension.- Causes and Management of Portal Hypertension in the Pediatric Population.- Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension and Portal Vein Thrombosis.- Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction.- Pulmonary Complications Associated with Portal Hypertension.- Health Status Assessment and Economic Analyses in Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension.- Future Treatments.