Bone Disease in Rheumatology

SECTION I: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE 1 Bone Structure and Function 3 David W. Dempster Pathophysiology of Systemic Bone Loss in Rheumatic Disorders: The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines 8 Steven R. Goldring and Tania N. Crotti Pathogenesis of Focal Bone Loss in Inflammatory Arthritis 15 Allison R. Petit and Ellen M. Gravallese SECTION II: MEASUREMENT TOOLS IN OSTEOPOROSIS AND ARTHRITIS 23 Biochemical Markers of Bone and Cartilage Turnover 25 Apurva K. Srivastava and David J. Baylink Measurement of Bone Mineral Density DXA and QCT 35 Dorothy A. Nelson, Jean M. Weigert, and Angelia D. Mosley-Williams Peripheral Densitometry Paul D. Miller Densitometry in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis 49 Oscar S. Gluck and Michael Maricic Radiological Measurements of Periarticular Bone Loss, Erosions, and Joint Space X-Ray Measurement of Erosions and Joint Space Narrowing 53 Desiree van der Heijde The Use of MRI for the Grading of Erosions and Joint Space Narrowing 59 Fiona M.F. McQueen Quality of Life and Its Measurement in Osteoporosis 67 Deborah T. Gold SECTION III: BONE LOSS AND FRAGILITY FRACTURES IN THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES 71 Bone Loss and Fractures in Rheumatoid Arthritis 73 Shreyasee Amin Bone Loss and Fractures in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 79 Chin Lee, Susan Manzi, and Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman Bone Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Psoriatic Arthritis 87 Atul Deodhar Osteoarthritis 91 Marc C. Hochberg and Joan M. Meyer SECTION IV: BONE LOSS DUE TO MEDICATIONS 97 Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Epidemiology 99 Lenore M. Buckley Pathophysiology 105 Ernesto Canalis Prevention and Treatment 111 Jeffrey R. Curtis and Kenneth G. Saag Drug-Induced Bone Loss 120 Jonathan D. Adachi, A. Papaioannu, and Lora Giangregorio SECTION V: MANAGEMENT OF BONE LOSS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES 123 Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Biological Therapy in Prevention of Bone Erosions 125 Vibeke Strand Exercise and Rehabilitation in Patients with Osteoporosis and Arthritis 131 Robert L. Swezey Estrogens and Rheumatic Diseases 134 Jeffrey R. Lisse Calcitonin in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases 138 Stuart L. Silverman The Use of Bisphosphonates in Rheumatic Disease and Osteoporosis 141 Chad Deal Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis 150 Michael Maricic and Oscar S. Gluck The Use of Androgens and Dehydroepiandrosterone in Rheumatic Bone Disease 154 Tim A. Bongartz, JUrgen SchOlmerich, and Ranier H. Straub The Use of Parathyroid Hormone in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases 161 Robin Dore Potential New Biological Therapies for Bone Loss 170 Reina Armamento-Villareal and Roberto Civitelli SECTION VI: OTHER BONE DISORDERS 175 Paget's Disease of Bone 177 Roy D. Altman Osteomalacia 181 Mihail Moroianu, Dana Fletcher, and Michael Kleerekoper Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Rheumatologic Manifesations and Bone Disease 185 Mishaela R. Rubin, Shonni J. Silverberg, and John P. Bilezikian Osteonecrosis 191