Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2023

About the Editor in Chief: W. David Hardy, MD, is a scientific and medical consultant focusing on developing novel vaccine and cure/remission strategies for human viral diseases. Currently, he serves as Treasurer on the Board of Directors and member of the Executive Committee of the AAHIVM. He has served as Editor in Chief of AAHIVM's comprehensive clinical textbook, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine, since 2007. Dr. Hardy has cared for persons with HIV infection since 1982 and conducted research on HIV and related diseases since 1984. His research focuses on treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections, antiretroviral therapy, immunotherapies, and hepatitis treatments as well as retroviral vector research and cellular and gene therapy for the cure of HIV treatment. Dr. Hardy served as Chair of the Board of Directors of the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA) and volunteered with several community-based organizations, including AIDS Research Alliance and Project Angel Food. About the American Academy of HIV Medicine (AAHIVM): The American Academy of HIV Medicine is the nation's leading professional organization that supports HIV practitioners and promotes accessible, quality care for all Americans living with HIV disease. The AAHIVM membership of practitioners and credentialed clinicians manage the health of the majority of people with and at risk of HIV in the United States. The Academy's HIV-focused professional certifications are the first and only credentials offered domestically and internationally to physicians, nurse practitioners, PAs, and pharmacists specializing in advanced-level HIV care. The HIV Specialist™ (AAHIVS) credential is available to practicing frontline clinical providers, while the HIV Expert™ (AAHIVE) designation can be earned by non-practicing clinicians. The HIV Pharmacist™ (AAHIVP) certification is available to eligible HIV-specialized pharmacists.

Method of Participation and Request for Credit

Target Audience
Overall Learning Objectives
Faculty
Accreditation Statement
Continuing Physician Medical Education
Continuing Pharmacy Education
Continuing Nursing Education
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
Disclosure of Unlabeled Use

Preface
W. David Hardy

1. Ending the HIV Epidemic
Benjamin Sokoloff

2. Epidemiology and the Spread of HIV
Laurel Banach, Meagan Goodier, and Philip Bolduc

3. Origin, Evolution, and Spread of HIV1 & HIV2
Jeffrey T. Kirchner

4. Mechanisms of HIV Transmission
Nancy Aitcheson and Puja H. Nambiar

5. Transmission Prevention Strategies
Carolyn Chu, Katrina Baumgartner, and Christopher M. Bositis

6. Immunology
Dennis J. Hartigan-O'Connor and Christian Brander

7. HIV Testing and Counseling
Alejandro Delgado

8. Laboratory Testing Strategies, Detection, and Diagnosis
Kruti J. Yagnik and Jessica A. Meisner

9. Initial Evaluation of the Person with HIV: History, Physical Evaluation, and Laboratory Evaluation
Esteban DelPilar Morales and Daniel J. Skiest

10. Health Maintenance
Ramiz Kseri

11. Diversity Awareness
Gary F. Spinner

12. Special Populations

12.1 Adolescent HIV Care
Catherine Silva and Renata Arrington-Sanders

12.2 HIV and Transgender Populations
Zil G. Goldstein and Madeline B. Deutsch

12.3 Care of PWH Who Experience Homelessness or Unstable Housing
Elizabeth Imbert and Matthew D. Hickey

12.4 HIV in Criminal-Legal Involved People
Olabimpe Asupoto and Alysse Wurcel

12.5 Rural Populations and HIV
Abby Davids and Ashley Carvalho

12.6 Care of Migrant and Immigrant Persons with HIV
Deliana Garcia, Claire Hutkins Seda, and Laszlo Madaras

13. Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Integrative Medicine Approaches
Yash Desai and Kalpana D. Shere-Wolfe

14. HIV Care Coordination
Margret O. Nelson

15. The Pharmacist's Role in HIV Care
Jennifer Cocohoba

16. Virology and Natural History of HIV
Poonam Mathur

17. Scientific Basis of Antiretroviral Therapy
David E. Koren, Neha Sheth Pandit, and Emily Heil

18. Prescribing Antiretroviral Therapy
Poonam Mathur, Steven Mudroch, Saira Ajmal, Zelalem Temesgen, and David E. Koren

19. The HIV Reservoir and Cure and Remission Strategies
Boris Juelg, Rajesh Gandhi, and Nikolaus Jilg

20. HIV Drug Resistance: Evaluation and Clinical Management
Carolyn Chu, Lealah Pollock, and Robert Shafer

21. Antiretroviral Treatment and Stewardship in Hospital Settings
David E. Koren

22. Solid Organ Transplantation in Persons with HIV
Christine M. Durand

23. Select Topics in the Care of Cis-Gender Women with HIV
Jillian T. Baron, Christina E. Maguire, and William R. Short

24. Antiretroviral Therapy for Children and Newborns
Karin Nielsen-Saines

25. Understanding and Managing Antineoplastic and Antiretroviral Therapy
Elizabeth M. Sherman and Taylor K. Gill

26. Substance Use in HIV Populations
Thanh Thuy Truong and Elizabeth David

27. Caring for Older People with HIV
Aroonsiri Sangarlangkarn, John D. Zeuli, and Anchalee Avihingsanon

28. Opportunistic Infections
Lisa Armitige, Karen J. Vigil, and Rita Wilson Dib

29. Malignancies in HIV
Eva H. Clark and Elizabeth Y. Chiao

30. Dermatologic Complications of HIV
Kudakwashe Mutyambizi, Craig Weeks, and Philip Bolduc

31. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Rajagopal V. Sekhar

32. HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy and Lipoatophy
Rajagopal V. Sekhar

33. Non-Opportunistic Infections: Respiratory Complications
Priyanka Chakrabarti

34. Psychiatric Illness and Treatment in HIV Populations
Richa Vijayvargiya and Elizabeth David

35. Neurologic Effects on HIV Infection
Rodrigo Hasbun and Joseph S. Kass

36. HIV and Hepatitis Coinfection
Karen J. Vigil

37. The COVID-19 Pandemic and HIV
Richard C. Prokesch

38. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Karen J. Vigil

39. Cardiovascular Disease
Jarrett K. Sell and Jonathan J. Nunez

40. Renal Complications
Patricia Carr Reese and Umar Farooq

41. HIV and Bone Health
Roger Bedimo

42. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (ISIS)
Dagan Coppock

43. HIV Healthcare Programs and Insurance Coverage in the U.S. Health Care System
Leslie McGorman and Bruce J. Packett, II

44. Legal Issues
Jarrett K. Sell

Index