Paediatric Scoliosis

Dr. Balaji Zacharia is presently working as a Professor in the Department of Orthopedics at the Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, and graduated from the same institute. He has more than 17 years of postgraduate teaching experience. His areas of interest are pediatric spine deformity, Orthopedic infections, trauma, and arthroplasty. Dr. Zacharia has over 50 peer-reviewed publications, including a few book chapters. He is a reviewer in many international journals, including Spine, Global Spine Journal, World Journal of Orthopaedics, International Journal of Orthopedics, Clinical medicine insight, Frontiers in Surgery, etc. Dr. S Dilip Chand Raja is a consultant orthopedic spine surgeon at Fortis Hospital, Vadapalani, after completing his basic medical training at Madras Medical College and Orthopedic training at Government Medical College Kozhikode. His keen interest in research and academics has gained him 38 peer-reviewed publications, 80 presentations in academic meets, and 26 honors and awards in a short period. He currently reviews all leading journals in spine surgery, including The Spine Journal, European Spine Journal, and Asian Spine Journal. He is on the editorial board for the Indian Journal of Orthopedics and the Journal of Orthopedics. Dr Nikhil K V is presently working as a Consultant in the Spine Unit, Department of Orthopaedics at Meitra Hospital, Kerala, India. He graduated from Government Medical College Kozhikode in 2012 and did his Fellowship training in Spine Surgery under the National Board of Examinations and Fellowship training under AO Spine. He also has completed the Global spine diploma programme under AO Spine. His areas of interest are Spine deformity, Degenerative conditions of the Spine and Minimally invasive surgeries of the spine. He is actively involved in research and has many publications to his name.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.- Natural history of idiopathic scoliosis.- Preoperative Evaluation and Imaging in AIS.- Classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.- Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: The classification systems pearls and pitfalls.- Lenke's classification of scoliosis and its application.- Orthotic management in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).- Posterior approach to scoliosis Surgery.- Posterior Scoliosis Correction Indications, Planning, and Operative Techniques.- Anterior Scoliosis Surgery – Current role.- The story of shoulder balance in AIS.- Rib hump.- Top vs. side-loading implants for scoliosis correction.- The role of pedicle screws in scoliosis surgery.- Long-term effects of idiopathic scoliosis with specific reference to back pain, cardiorespiratory sequelae, mortality rate, and psychological issues.- Scoliosis Surgery in Oman - Achievements and Challenges.- Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS): Definition, Etiology, and clinical features.- Growing vertebral column and lung development.- Classification (C-EOS) and Natural History.- Congenital Scoliosis.- Syndromic Scoliosis.- Casting in Early Onset Scoliosis.- Principles of Management and Current Treatment Recommendations in EOS.- Surgical goals and correction techniques in EOS management.- Growth Rods and Guided Growth Techniques in the Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis.- Nonfusion techniques in pediatric scoliosis.- Thoracic insufficiency syndrome.- Role of spinal osteotomies & techniques in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and early onset scoliosis.- Complications in the management of EOS.- Late sequelae of untreated pediatric scoliosis.- Long-term outcomes in the surgical management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Early-Onset Scoliosis.- Introduction to neuromuscular scoliosis.- Scoliosis in Cerebral palsy.- Intra spinal anomalies with scoliosis.- Scoliosis  in Neurofibromatosis.- Is scoliosis associated with neurofibromatosis different from AIS? The highlights.- Scoliosis in muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy.- Rare causes of scoliosis in children – a bird`s eye view.- Management of neuromuscular scoliosis.- Spondylolisthesis associated with scoliosis in adolescent children.- The Role of Traction in Pediatric Spinal Deformation Correction.- Role of Navigation and Robotics in AIS and EOS.- Spinal deformity surgery in children and its complications.- Painful scoliosis in children.- The sagittal plane in pediatric scoliosis.- Anesthetic considerations for scoliosis correction.- Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery.- Development and growth of the spine and lungs.- Perioperative Spirometry in Scoliosis.- Psychosocial problems in children with scoliosis and their parents.- Measuring outcomes in pediatric scoliosis.