Acid-Base Disorders and Their Treatment

F. John Gennari, Horacio J. Adrogué, John H. Galla, Nicolaos E. Madias

Acid-base Chemistry. Intracellular Acid-base Homeostasis. Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Tension. Renal Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Balance. Molecular Biology of Renal Acid-base Transporters. Normal Regulation of Acid-base Balance: Overview. Gastrointestinal Influences on Hydrogen Ion Balance. An Evolutionary Perspective on the Acid-base Effects of Diet. Metabolic Acidosis: General Aspects. Diabetic and Other Forms of Ketoacidosis. Lactic Acidosis. Toxin-induced Metabolic Acidosis. Renal Tubular Acidosis. Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Renal Insufficiency. Diarrhea and Other Causes of Metabolic Acidosis. Metabolic Alkalosis: Overview. Chloride-depletion Alkalosis. Potassium-depletion Alkalosis. Metabolic Alkalosis: Miscellaneous Causes. Rspiratory Acidosis. Respiratory Alkalosis. Mixed Acid-base Disorders. Acid-Base Disorders in End-Stage Renal Disease. Effect of Renal Replacement Therapy on Acid-base Homeostasis. Acid-base Disorders in Dialysis Patients. Acid-base Disorders in Infants and Children. Measurement of Acid-base Status. Normal Values. Tools for Clinical Assessment. Illustrative Cases.