Pediatric Cardiology

Ra-id Abdulla, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Editor-in-Chief, Pediatric Cardiology Stuart Berger, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Carl Backer, MD Professor of Surgery, Northwestern University Robert Anderson, MD Professor, King College, UK Ralf Holzer, MD Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University Nico Blom, MD Professor, University of Amsterdam Joshua Robinson, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University

Part I. Historical Perspective






Evolution of a Science


1. Recognizing congenital heart disease


2. History of understanding pathology and hemodynamics of congenital heart disease


3. Evolution of medical, surgical, and catheter therapeutics






Part II. Fetal Cardiology






Cardiovascular Embryogenesis


4. Embryological development of the cardiovascular system


5. Normal development of the cardiovascular system


6. Mechanisms of abnormal development of the cardiovascular system






Etiological Mechanisms of Congenital Heart Disease


7. Genetics


8. Environmental factors






Diagnostic Tools in Managing Fetal Heart Diseases


9. Fetal obstetrical ultrasound


10. Fetal echocardiography


11. Fetal magnetocardiography


12. Other imaging modalities






Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases: Presentation and Management


13. Shunt lesions


14. Obstructive lesions


15. Anomalies of the great vessels


16. Single ventricle and heterotaxy


17. Valvar lesions






Fetal Cardiomyopathies


18. Dilated cardiomyopathy


19. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy






Fetal Arrhythmia: Diagnosis and Management


20. Bradyarrhythmia


21. Tachyarrhythmia


22. Premature beats






Perinatal Management of Fetal Heart Diseases


23. Assessment of the fetus with congenital heart disease


24. Multidisciplinary approach


25. Counseling for fetal heart disease






Emergencies in Fetal Cardiology


26. Primary heart failure


27. Secondary heart failure






Part III. Pediatric Cardiology






Basic Sciences of the Cardiovascular System


28. Cardiovascular Anatomy


29. Cardiovascular Physiology


30. Electrophysiology






Assessment of the Cardiovascular System


31. History and physical examination


32. Diagnostic tools


33. Chest x-ray


34. ECG


35. Echocardiography


36. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization


37. CT scan and MRI


38. Exercise stress test






Therapeutic Tools


39. Interventional cardiac catheterization


40. Peripheral vascular intervention


41. Lymphatic intervention






Congenital Heart Diseases






Shunt Lesions


42. Atrial septal defects


43. Atrioventricular septal defects


44. Ventricular septal defects


45. Arterial shunts






Valvular Lesions


46. Tricuspid valve lesions


47. Mitral valve lesions


48. Pulmonary valve lesions


49. Aortic valve lesions






Cyanotic Heart Diseases


50. Right heart lesions


51. Left heart lesions


52. Single ventricle


53. Great vessel lesions






Arterial Diseases


54. Coarctation of aorta


55. Interrupted aortic arch


56. Vascular ring






Systemic Venous Lesions


57. Superior vena cava lesions


58. Inferior vena cava lesions


59. Coronary sinus lesions






Pulmonary Venous Lesions


60. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return


61. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return


62. Pulmonary stenosis






Coronary Artery Lesions


63. Anomalous origin of coronary arteries from opposite sinus


64. Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery






Acquired Heart Diseases






Cardiomyopathies


65. Dilated cardiomyopathy


66. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy


67. Restrictive cardiomyopathy






Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases Affecting Cardiovascular Disease


68. Kawasaki Disease


69. Rheumatic fever


70. Infective endocarditis


71. Pericarditis






Adult Type Heart Diseases in the Pediatric Age


72. Ischemic Heart Disease


73. Lipid disorders






Cardiac Tumors


74. Benign tumors


75. Malignant tumors


76. Extracardiac masses






Cardiac Trauma


77. Cardiac trauma






Pulmonary Hypertension


78. Pulmonary hypertension in the neonate


79. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart disease






Neurodevelopment and Quality of Life in Children with Heart Diseases






Part IV. Adult Congenital Heart Disease






80. Echocardiography


81. Cardiac catheterization


82. Electrophysiology


83. Unique aspects of congenital heart disease in the adult years


84. Shunt lesions


85. Obstructive lesions


86. Valvar lesions


87. Single ventricle


88. Maternal Heart Diseases


89. Neurodevelopment and Quality of Life in adults with congenital heart diseases






Part V. Pharmacology






90. Inotropes


91. Afterload reducing agents


92. Vasopressors


93. Diuretics


94. Antiarrhythmic agents


95. Resuscitation agents