A Practical Approach to Transesophageal Echocardiography on PDA

1. Knobology System Design Pulse Generation Receiver (Pre-processing) Memory (Post-processing) Display2. Physics Soundwaves in Tissues Doppler Effect Imaging System Components Beam and Pulse Generation Color Flow Maps Artifacts3. Normal TEE Examination Standard Views Normal Anatomy4. Left Ventricular Function Fractional Area Change and Ejection Fraction Wall Motion Abnormalities Coronary Distribution Hypertrophy5. Aortic Valve Pathology Aortic Stenosis Aortic Incompetence Aortic Valve Prosthesis 6. Mitral Valve Pathology Mitral Stenosis Mitral Regurgitation Mitral Valve Prosthesis7. Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve Pathology Tricuspid Regurgitation Pulmonic Stenosis Tricuspid Valve Prosthesis8. Right Atrium and Right Ventricle Enlargement or Dilatation Variant Anatomy9. Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins Enlargement or dilatation Pulmonary Vein Flows10. Aorta Dilatation and Aneurysm Dissection Degenerative Changes11. Diastolic Function Normal Abnormal Relaxation Pseudonormalization Restrictive Physiology12. Effusions Pericardial Effusion and Tamponad Pleural Effusion Peritoneal Effusion13. Congenital Heart Disease in Adults Septal Defects Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Tetrology of Fallot Coarctation of Aorta Patent Ductus Arteriosus Epstein's Anamol