Cardiology Online

Preface Contributors SECTION 1: ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND PREVENTION 1. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis - Goran Hansson and Jan Nilsson 2. Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases - Kjell Asplund 3. Risk factors and lifestyle interventions - Konrad Jamrozik 4. Assessment of cardiac risk - Edward Winslow 5. Special problems in the prevention of cardiovascular disease Diabetes mellitus type 2 - Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Menopausal women - Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Nontraditional risk factors for coronary disease - David Waters 6. Therapeutic approaches to the diabetic patient - Mary Ellen Sweeney and David Orchard 7. Physical activity and the cardiovascular system - Calin Maniu, Thomas Flipse, Norman Patton and Gerald Fletcher 8. Therapy of hyperlipidemia - Lori Mosca 9. Special problems in hyperlipidemia therapy Child with hypercholesterolemia - Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Transplant patient - Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Hypercholesterolemia in the elderly - Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Elevated lipoprotein(a) - Virgil Brown and Warren Davis 10. Diagnosis of vascular disease - Charles Tegeler and Disya Ratanakorn NONCARDIAC VASCULAR DISEASES 11. Arterial diseases of the limbs - Bengt Fagrell 12. Cerebral vascular diseases - Kjell Asplund and Markku Fagerlund 13. Thoracic aorta disease - Jorge Wernly 14. Abdominal aortic aneurysms - Ian Franklin and Roger Greenhalgh 15. Venous disease - Agnes Lee 16. Surgery for vascular disease - David Bergqvist 17. Special problems in vascular disease Compromise of an internal thoracic artery to coronary artery graft by subclavian artery disease - Michael Crawford and Mark Langsfeld Localized lymphedema - Michael Crawford and Mark Langsfeld SECTION 2: ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE 1. Physiology of coronary circulation - Eric Feigl and Wolfgang Schaper 2. Coronary artery anomalies - Allen Taylor and Renu Virmani 3. Pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia - PK Shah and Erling Falk 4. Noninvasive diagnosis of IHD - George Beller 5. Invasive diagnosis of IHD - William Kussmaul 6. Special diagnostic issues in IHD The patient with chest pain, a positive stress test and normal coronary arteries - Jonathan Abrams The patient with coronary artery disease and acute heart failure -Jonathan Abrams The patient with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure -Jonathan Abrams STABLE CORONARY SYNDROMES 7. Chronic stable angina pectoris -Udho Thadani 8. Variant angina pectoris - Juan Kaski and Ramon Arroyo-Espliguero 9. Microvascular angina pectoris and cardiac syndrome X - Hans Erik Botker 10. Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia - Prakash Deedwania 11. Special problems in myocardial ischemia Management of variant angina breakthrough - Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Mangement of the nonrevascularization candidate with severe angina - Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Treatment of silent ischemia - Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Treatment of microvascular angina - Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Viagra, sexual activity and the cardiac patient - Jonathan Abrams ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES 12. Diagnosis of acute myocardial ischaemia and infarction - Allan Jaffe, Jorge Davidenko and Ian Clements 13. Unstable angina and non-ST-elevation MI - Lars Wallentin, Bertil Lindahl and Agneta Siegbahn 14. The early phase of acute myocardial infarction - Freek Verheugt 15. Subacute in-hospital phase of ST-segment elevation MI - Timothy Denton 16. Complications of acute MI - Bojan Cercek and PK Shah 17. Surgery for the complications of MI - Carlos Blanche 18. Post-hospital phase of an acute coronary syndrome - Christopher Cannon and Sidney Smith 19. Special problems in acute coronary syndromes Right ventricular infarction - Peter Clemmensen AMI and normal coronary arteries - Peter Clemmensen and Peer Grande Nonreperfused AMI after thrombolytic therapy - Peter Clemmensen NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF IHD 20. Catheter based techniques to treat IHD - Pim de Feyter 21. Surgery for IHD - Kenton Zehr and Hartzell Schaff 22. Special problems in non-pharmacologic therapy Unprotected left main coronary angioplasty -Michael Ragosta Chronic total occlusion -Michael Ragosta Saphenous vein graft interventions -Michael Ragosta Percutaneous intervention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy - Michael Ragosta In-stent restenosis - Michael Ragosta SECTION 3: HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE 1. Etiology and pathogenesis of systemic hypertension - David Calhoun, M. Amin Zaman and Suzanne Oparil 2. Epidemiology of hypertension - Ivan Perry 3. Clinical recognition of hypertension - Shawna Nesbitt, Wanpen Vongpatanasin and Ronald Victor 4. Complications of hypertension: heart - Chim Lang and Greg Lip 5. Complications of hypertension: kidney - Domenic Sica 6. Complications of hypertension: stroke - John Potter 7. Nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension - Francesco Cappuccio and Alphonso Siani 8. Pharmacologic treatment - S. Luke Kusmirek, Aris Efstratopoulos and George Bakris 9. Hypertension crises - Gareth Beevers and Greg Lip 10. Diagnosis and treatment of secondary hypertension - David Martins and Keith Norris 11. Difficult hypertension management issues Hypertension and ethnicity - Greg Lip and Gareth Beevers Hypertension in pregnancy: pre-eclampsia - David Churchill Perioperative hypertension - William Elliott Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring - William White Diabetes and hypertension - Samy I. McFarlane and James Sowers Resistant hypertension - Ronald Victor Hypertension in the context of acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary interventions - Greg Lip Concomitant therapy use in hypertension - George Bakris SECTION 4: CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 1. Basic cardiac electrophysiology and anatomy - Mark Anderson and Dan Roden 2. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy - Paul Dorian, Wendy Lau 3. Principles of catheter ablation -David Haines 4. Syncope - Andrew Krahn, George Klein, Raymond Yee, Allan Skanes BRADYARRHYTHMIAS 5. Sinus node dysfunction - John DiMarco 6. Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders - Nadir Saoudi, Jean Paul Rinaldi, Manuel Imianitoff, Khelil Yaici, Jean Marc Coutelourd, Marc Bergonzi and Phillipe Ricard 7. Cardiac pacing - Henning Rud Andersen and Jens Cosedis Nielsen 8. Special problems in cardiac pacing Pacemaker syndrome - Mark Wood Temporary cardiac pacing - Mark Wood Diagnostic and surgical procedures in pacemaker patients - Mark Wood Pacemaker lead extraction - Mark Wood Biventricular pacing for congestive heart failure - Mark Wood SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS 9. Supraventricular tachycardia -Carlos Morillo 10. Atrial fibrillation - Greg Lip, Michael Mangram and John DiMarco 11. Atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia - Francis Murgatroyd 12. Pre-excitation syndromes - James Leitch, Pru Hereford Ashley and Malcolm Barlow 13. Special problems in supraventricular arrhythmias Syncope in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia - Chin-Feng Tsai and Shi-Ann Chen Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation - Chin-Feng Tsai and Shi-Ann Chen Cycle length alternation in supraventricular tachycardia - Chin-Feng Tsai and Shi-Ann Chen Atrial flutter - Bruce Walker Postoperative atrial fibrillation - Bruce Walker Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation - Bruce Walker VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS 14. Ventricular tachycardia - Martin Borggreffe, Gunther Breithardt and Christian Wolpert 15. Repolarization syndromes: Long QT, Brugada etc. - Katherine Murray and Dan Roden 16. Sudden cardiac death - Paul LeLorier and Kevin Monahan 17. Cardiac arrest resuscitation - Jose Joglar and Rick Page 18. Surgery for cardiac arrhythmias - Patricia Bakker 19. Implantable defibrillators - Kathy Lee and Chu-Pak Lau 20. Special problems in ventricular arrhythmias Multiple shocks from an implanted defibrillator caused by frequent episodes of ventricular tachycardia - John Miller and Mithilesh Das Multiple shocks from an implanted defibrillator in a supra ventricular arrhythmia - John Miller and Mithilesh Das Syncope in a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy - John Miller and Mithilesh Das A young woman with palpitations and ventricular tachycardia - John Miller and Mithilesh Das Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia following anterior myocardial infarction - John Miller and Mithilesh Das SECTION 5: HEART FAILURE AND CARDIOMYOPATHY 1. Physiology of the normal and failing heart - Helmut Drexler and Gerd Hasenfuss 2. Assessment of the patient with heart failure - Ayan Patel and Marvin Konstam 3. Acute heart failure and shock - Steven Hollenberg, Mitchell Saltzberg, Jeffrey Soble and Joseph Parrillo CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 4. Heart failure due to systolic dysfunction - Gary Francis and Wai Tang 5. Management of the patient with chronic heart failure - Barry Massie 6. Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction: a manifestation of diastolic dysfunction - William Gaasch and Edgar Schick 7. Arrhythmias in heart failure - Lars Eckardt, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Dirk Bocker and Gunter Breithardt 8. Surgery assist devices and cardiac transplantation for heart failure - James Young 9. Special problems in chronic heart failure Mechanisms of exercise intolerance and exercise training - Kai C Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Cardiac cachexia - Kai C Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Renal dysfunction in heart failure - Kai C Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Anemia in Heart Failure - Kai C Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Depression in Heart Failure - Kai C Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Disease Management - Kai C Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats MYOCARDITIS AND CARDIOMYOPATHY 10. Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss and Uwe Kuehl 11. Dilated and toxic cardiomyopathy - John O'Connell and Mohammad Akkad 12. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Perry Elliott and William McKenna and Sebastian Reith 13. Special problems in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy - Mohammed W. Akhter, Afshan Hameed and Uri ElKayam Chagas' heart disease - Harry Acquatella Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy - Harry Acquatella Diabetic cardiomyopathy - Mitchell Saltzburg and Barry Massie CARDIAC CONSTRICTION AND RESTRICTION 14. Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathies - Naveen Pereira and William Dec Jr 15. Pericardial disease - Samer Kabbani and Martin LeWinter RIGHT-HEART FAILURE 16. Pulmonary hypertension and intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease - Vallerie McLauchlin 17. Right heart failure and cor pulmonale - W MacNee and K Skwarski 18. Pulmonary embolism - Stavros Konstantinides and Wolfgang Kasper SECTION 6: VALVULAR HEART DISEASE 1. Non-invasive assessment of valvular function Otto Smiseth, Reidar Bjornerheim and Sigurd Nitter-Hause 2. Invasive assessment of valvular function - Barbara Julius, Stephan Windecker and Otto Hess 3. Rheumatic fever - Mohammed Essop and Tanvier Omar MITRAL VALVE DISEASES 4. Mitral stenosis - John Carroll and Julie Plenge 5. Mitral regurgitation - Blase Carabello 6. Mitral valve prolapse - Richard Devereux 7. Secondary mitral regurgitation - Matthew A Romano, Iva A Smolens and Stephen F Bolling 8. Special problems in mitral valve disease New onset atrial fibrillation in asymptomatic mitral stenosis - Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Echocardiography and mitral valve repair: its use in Marfan's syndrome - Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Thromboembolic risk in mitral stenosis - Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Mitral stenosis and pregnancy - Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Radiation Valve Disease - Theo Meyer and Gerard Aurigemma Vasodilators in mitral regurgitation - Bill Gaasch 9. Aortic stenosis - David Shavelle and Catherine Otto 10. Acute aortic regurgitation - Gerard Aurigemma and Theo Meyer 11. Chronic aortic regurgitation - Walter Paulus 12. Special problems in aortic valve disease Low gradient, low output aortic stenosis - Paul Grayburn Mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis in patients undergoing bypass surgery - Paul Grayburn fen phen valve disease - Dr Bruce Shively RIGHT-HEART VALVE DISEASE AND ENDOCARDITIS 13. Tricuspid and pulmonic valve disease - Theo Meyer and Dennis Tighe 14. Infective endocarditis - Jean Acar and Pierre-Louis Michel SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE 15. Surgery for valvular heart disease - Christophe Acar and Pierre Theodore 16. Management of the post surgical valve disease patient - Patrick Parrino, Aditya Kaza and John Kern 17. Special problems in the surgically treated valve disease patient How to treat perivalvular leaks - Sandro Betocchi, Maria Angela Losi and Massimo Chiariello Pregnancy and anticoagulants - Sandro Betocchi, Maria Angela Losi and Massimo Chiariello Postoperative management of myocardial dysfunction in valvular surgical treatment - Sandro Betocchi, Maria Angela Losi and Massimo Chiariello SECTION 7: CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 1. Epidemiology of congenital heart disease - Cynthia Morris 2. Embryology of congenital heart disease - Adrianna Gittenberger de Groot, Marco Deruiter, Margot Bartelings and Robert Poelmann 3. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease - Yasuki Maeno 4. Diagnostic pathways for evaluation of congenital heart disease - Tal Geva and Jaqueline Kreutzer CARDIAC DEFECTS 5. Atrial septal defect - Masahiro Ishii 6. Anomalous pulmonary venous connection - Samuel Ritter and Rebecca Snider 7. Ventricular septal defect - Kimberly Krabill 8. Tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus - Kazuo Momma 9. Transposition of the great arteries - Thomas Kimball 10. Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect - Daniel Murphy and Roger Mee 11. Left heart outflow obstructions - Gautam Singh and Syamasunder Rao 12. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome - Girish Shirali and Constance Cephus 13. Ebstein's anomaly - Robin Shaughnessy 14. Pulmonary stenosis - Teiji Akagi 15. Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum - Frank Smith 16. Atrioventricular canal defects - Craig Fleishman and Gerald Marx 17. Tricuspid atresia and single ventricle - Luc Mertens and Donald Hagler VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES 18. Patent ductus arteriosis - Dierk Redel 19. Coarctation of the aorta - Mataichi Ohkubo and Toshihiro Ino 20. Vascular compression of the upper airways - Deane Waldman 21. Kawasaki's disease - Hirohisa Kato MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 22. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease - Victoria Vetter 23. Adult congential heart disease - David Celermajer 24. Special problems in adult congenital heart disease Pregnancy in the woman with Eisenmenger syndrome - George Pantely and Victor Menashe Thromboembolic complications after the Fontan procedure - George Pantely, Mark Morton and Victor Menashe Late systemic right ventricular failure in transposition of the great arteries - George Pantely and Victor Menashe SECTION 8: SECONDARY HEART DISEASE SYSTEMIC DISEASES AND THE HEART 1. Chronic renal disease - Nikolaos Kaperonis and George Bakris 2. Obesity - Scott Grundy and Nicola Abate 3. The neurogenic heart - Arturo Tamayo and Vladimir Hachinski 4. Endocrinology and the heart - Sylvia Vela 5. Rheumatologic diseases - Carlos Roldan 6. AIDS - Catherine Decker, Peter Sklar and Henry Masur 7. Cardiac tumors - Colette Guiraudon 8. Hematologic disease - Stuart Hutchison and Patrick Disney 9. Neuromuscular disease - Benjamin Sanchez and Ileana Pina CARDIAC RESPONSES TO PHYSIOLOGIC STRESS 10. Aging and geriatric heart disease - Rose Anne Kenny and Colette Seifer 11. Pregnancy in the heart disease patient - Laura Collins and Pamela Douglas 12. Athletes heart - Barry Maron 13. Psychological influences on the heart - Kristina Orth-Gomer, Margaret Chesney and Gerdie Weidner CARDIAC RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS 14. Trauma - ML Myers, A Cheung and William Sibbald 15. Radiation - Jacob Adams, Louis Constine and Stephen Lipshultz 16. High altitude - Stuart Hutchison 17. Alternative cardiovascular medical therapies - William Kostuk CONSULT ISSUES 18. Perioperative evaluation of the cardiac patient - Michael Crawford 19. Surgery and the cardiac patient - Dennis Mangano 20. Employment and insurability -William Dafoe 21. Anticoagulation in heart disease - Michael Ezekowitz, Abhay Dhond and Pavlo Netrebko 22. Special problems for the cardiology consultant Cocaine-induced cardiovascular disease - Paul Tanser Munchausen's syndrome with cardiac manifestations - Paul Tanser Behavioural modification in cardiac disease with inappropriate disability - Paul Tanser Peripheral vascular disease as a predictor of significant coronary artery disease - Paul Tanser Sexual dysfunction in patients with cardiac disease - Paul Tanser Obesity and heart disease - Paul Tanser Hypotension during hemodialysis - Michael Crawford Index