Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in the Newborn

Editor Dr Shyamala Dakshinamurti is a neonatologist and biomedical researcher, Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology at the University of Manitoba, Canada, and member of the Biology of Breathing theme, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba. Section Editors Dr Steven H. Abman is Professor of Pediatrics and Director of the Pediatric Heart Lung Center at the University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine and the Children’s Hospital Colorado, USA. Dr Po-Yin Cheung is a neonatologist of the Northern Alberta Neonatal Program of Alberta Health Services and Professor in the Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Surgery at the University of Alberta, Canada. Dr Satyan Lakshminrusimha is a neonatologist and the Dennis and Nancy Marks Chair and Professor of Pediatrics at the University of California at Davis, Sacramento, USA. Dr Patrick McNamara is a staff neonatologist and Director of the Division of Neonatology at the University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital and Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, USA. Dr William K. Milsom is a comparative physiologist and Emeritus Professor of Zoology at the University of British Columbia, Canada.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

Part 1: The Origins of Hypoxia Tolerance

2. The Human Fetus and Metabolic Adaptations to Hypoxia

3. Hypoxia as a Neuroinflammatory Stimulus During Development

4. Human Adaptations to High Altitude

5. Fetal Llama Adaptation to Altitude in the Andean Altiplano

6. Neonates of Burrowing and Hibernating Mammals: Metabolic and Respiratory Adaptations to Hypoxia

7. Diving Response and Hypoxia in Deep Sea Mammals

8. The Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Cardiorespiratory Coupling in Vertebrates and its Relevance to Non-Invasive Monitoring of the Human Fetus

Part 2: Fetal Hypoxia and Neonatal Transition

9. Fetal and Neonatal Oxygen Environment

10. Fetal Oxygenation During Maternal Hypoxic Illness

11. Hemodynamics of the Circulatory Transition

12. Oxygen During Postnatal Stabilization

Part 3: Biology of Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in the Neonate

13. Hypoxia and Pulmonary Artery Structure

14. Animal Models of PPHN and Vasoconstrictor Signaling in Hypoxia

15. Hypoxia and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Lung

16. Effects of Hypoxia on Pulmonary Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and Relaxation

17. Cellular Oxygen Sensing, Mitochondrial Oxygen Sensing and Reactive Oxygen Species

18. Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Animal Models of Pulmonary Hypertension

19. Hypoxia, Myocardial Metabolic Adaptation and Right Ventricular Performance

20. Hypoxic Remodeling of Neonatal Pulmonary Artery and Myocardium

21. Hypoxia-Induced Epigenetic Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension

Part 4: Hypoxia and Collateral Damage

22. The Effects of Hypoxia Ischemia on the Term Brain, and A Strategic Approach

23. Effects of Hypoxia on Cerebral Perfusion and the Blood-Brain Barrier

24. Effects of Hypoxia on Airway, Alveolar Function and Respiration

25. Hypoxic Respiratory Failure and the Neonatal Kidney

26. The Effect of Hypoxia on Intestinal Function

27. Effects of Hypoxia on Perinatal Drug Disposition

28. Anesthetic Considerations for the Neonate with Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

Part 5: Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

29. Epidemiology and Outcomes of Infants with Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

30. Clinical Evaluation of Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

31. Diagnosis of Pulmonary Hypertension by Echocardiography

32. Right Ventricular Performance and Ventricular Interdependence in Hypoxia

33. Ventilation Strategies in Neonatal Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure

34. Pulmonary Hypertension Phenotypes in the Newborn

35. Special Consideration: HRF in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

36. Special Consideration: Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Among Patients with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

37. Special Consideration: HRF in the Preterm

38. Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure – Neonatal Cases