Metal Poisoning in Fish

INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS CONSIDERED. TERMINOLOGY OF METAL POISONING. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. SELENIUM. INTRODUCTION. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. GENERAL TOXICOLOGY. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY. ACCUMULATION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. Hematology. Histopathology. Other Alterations. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. ARSENIC. INTRODUCTION. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. TOXICITY. ACCUMULATION AND RETENTION. HISTOPATHOLOGY. Arsenic-Inclusions. Necrotic and Fibrous Bodies. Hemosiderin Granules. Myelin Figures. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. LEAD. INTRODUCTION. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. TOXICITY. ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. Hematological Alterations. Respiratory Changes. Neuronal and Muscular Abnormalities. Behavioral Changes. Additional Effects. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. ZINC. INTRODUCTION. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. TOXICITY. In Vivo Studies. In Vitro Studies. ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION. RETENTION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. Behavioral Changes. Physiological Alterations. Histopathology. Enzymatic Alterations. Protective Mechanisms. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. CADMIUM. INTRODUCTION. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. TOXICITY. ACCUMULATION AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ELIMINATION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. Vertebral Alterations. Respiratory Changes. Histopathology. Reproductive Effects. Hematology. Plasma Changes. Enzymatic Effects. Protective Mechanisms. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. COPPER. INTRODUCTION. TOXICITY. ACCUMULATION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. Histopathology. Hematology. Behavior. Physiology. Reproduction. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. MERCURY. INTRODUCTION. ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES. Methylation. Contamination Sites. TOXICITY. General Information. Reproductive Toxicity. ACCUMULATION AND RETENTION. Mucous Production. Demethylation. Temperature. Exposure Level and Time. Source. Chemical Form. Life Stage. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. Histopathology. Hematology. Behavior. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. INTERACTIONS. INTRODUCTION. EVALUATION OF THE TOXICITY OF A MIXTURE. TOXICITY OF SPECIFIC MIXTURES OF ELEMENTS. Copper and Zinc. Copper and Mercury. Copper and Methylmercury. Copper, Zinc, and Nickel. Selenium and Mercury. ACCUMULATION OF ELEMENTS FROM MIXTURES. Copper, Zinc, Mercury, Iron, and Manganese. Selenium and Mercury. Selenium, Mercury, Zinc, and Iron. SUMMARY. REFERENCES. APPENDIX I: EPA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA SUMMARY FOR PRIORITY POLLUTANTS. INDEX