The Chiari Malformations

R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD Professor, CSO, VP, Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA Mehmet Turgut, MD, PhDMehmet Turgut, MD, PhDDepartment of NeurosurgeryAydin Adnan Menderes University School of MedicineEfeler, Aydin, TurkeyDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyAydin Adnan Menderes University Health Sciences InstituteEfeler, Aydin, Turkey W. Jerry Oakes, MDProfessor of Neurosurgery and PediatricsUniversity of Alabama-BirminghamHendley Professor of Pediatric NeurosurgeryChildren's of AlabamaBirmingham, AL

Part I: History and Classifications.- 1. A History of the Chiari Malformations.- 2. Defining the Chiari Malformations: Past and Newer Classifications.- 3. Newer Subsets: Chiari 1.5 and Chiari 0 Malformations.- Part II: Embryology and Anatomy.- 4. Embryology of the Craniocervical Junction and Posterior Cranial Fossa.- 5. Embryology and Pathophysiology of the Chiari I and II Malformations.- 6. The Occipital Bone: Review of its Embryology and Molecular Development.- 7. The Proatlas.- 8. Development of the Atlas and its Variations.- 9. The Odontoid Process.- 10. Surgical Anatomy of the Craniocervical Junction Relevant to Chiari Malformations.-Part III: Pathology.- 11. Pathology of Chiari I and II Malformations.- 12. Research on the Pathophysiology of Chiari I-Related Symptoms and Syringomyelia, with Emphasis on Dynamic MRI Techniques.- 13. The Chiari Malformations and Hydrocephalus.- 14. Cerebellar Tonsillar Ischemia and Cysts in the Chiari I Malformation.- 15. Syringomyelia and the ChiariMalformations.- 16. Non-Hindbrain-Related Syringomyelia.- 17. Chiari and Scoliosis.- 18. Associated Bony Malformations and Instability in the Chiari I Malformation.-19. Ventral Decompression for Chiari Malformations.- 20. Chiari I Malformation and Craniosynostosis.- Part IV: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Genetics.-  21. Epidemiology of Chiari I Malformation.- 22. Natural History of Chiari Malformations.- 23. Genetics of the Chiari I and II Malformations.- Part V: Diagnostics.- 24. Electrophysiological Diagnostics in Chiari Malformation.- 25. Radiology.- 26. Measurement of the Volume of the Posterior Cranial Fossa using MRI.- 27. Intraoperative Ultrasound in Chiari Type I Malformation.- 28. Advanced Imaging of Chiari I Malformations .- Part VI: Clinical Presentations.- 29. Clinical Presentation of Pediatric Chiari I Malformations.-  30. Benign Chiari I Malformation.- 31. Unusual Presentations of the Chiari I Malformation.- 32. Clinical Presentation Adult Chiari I.- 33. Acute and Sudden Presentations of the Chiari Malformations.- 34. Associated Disorders of Chiari Type I Malformations.- 35. Association Between Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue, and the Chiari I Malformation.- 36. Symptoms of the Chiari II Malformation.- Part VII: Treatment, Outcomes, and Complications.- 37. Treatment of the Pediatric Chiari I Malformation.- 38. Treatment of the Adult Chiari I Malformation.- 39. Treatment of the Chiari II Malformation.- 40. Chiari Type II Malformation: Reversibility Following Myelomeningocele Closure.-41. Duraplasty Versus Non-dural Opening for the Treatment of Pediatric Chiari Malformation Type I.-42. Chiari Decompression Outcomes Using Ligamentum Nuchae Harvest and Duraplasty in Pediatric Patients with Chiari I Malformation.- 43. Complications of Chiari Surgery.-  44. Secondary Interventions for Chiari I Malformation.- 45. Outcomes for the Surgical Management of Chiari I and Chiari II Malformations.- Part VIII: Miscellaneous.-  46. Chiari-Like Malformation in Dogs.- 47. Experimental Models of Chiari Malformations.- 48.  Predictive Analysis in Chiari Type I Malformation.- 49.- Treatment Costs of Chiari Type I Malformation.- 50. A Multidisciplinary Clinic for the Management of Chiari I Malformations.- 51. Chiari Malformations: a Patient's Guide.- Part IX: Conclusions.- 52. Conclusions.