Spinal Disorders

History of Spinal Disorders.- History of Spinal Disorders.- Basic Science.- Biomechanics of the Spine.- Spinal Instrumentation.- Age-Related Changes of the Spine.- Pathways of Spinal Pain.- Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Spinal Disorders.- Predictors of Surgical Outcome.- Patient Assessment.- History and Physical Examination.- Imaging Studies.- Spinal Injections.- Neurological Assessment in Spinal Disorders.- Neurophysiological Investigations.- Surgical Approaches.- Peri- and Postoperative Management.- Preoperative Assessment.- Intraoperative Anesthesia Management.- Postoperative Care and Pain Management.- Degenerative Disorders.- Degenerative Disorders of the Cervical Spine.- Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy.- Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.- Degenerative Lumbar Spondylosis.- Non-specific Low Back Pain.- Postoperative Rehabilitation.- Spinal Deformities and Malformations.- Idiopathic Scoliosis.- Neuromuscular Scoliosis.- Congenital Scoliosis.- Degenerative Scoliosis.- Spondylolisthesis.- Juvenile Kyphosis (Scheuermann's Disease).- Malformations of the Spinal Cord.- Fractures.- Cervical Spine Injuries.- Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries.- Osteoporotic Spine Fractures.- Tumors and Inflammation.- Primary Tumors of the Spine.- Spinal Metastasis.- Intradural Tumors.- Infections of the Spine.- Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Ankylosing Spondylitis.- Treatment of Postoperative Complications.- Outcome Assessment in Spinal Surgery.