Medical Device Accidents With Illustrative Cases

Introduction * Medical Technology * Product Liability * Medical Device Reports * The Incident Report * Minimum Product Liability World * References * Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) * Introduction * Sources of EMI * Frequency, Wavelength and Antenna Effect * Skin Depth * Modulation * Examples of Malfunction due to EMI * Cardiac Pacemakers * Automatic Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator (AICD) * References * Electrosurgery * Introduction * Electrodes * Dispersive Electrodes * Types of Current * Isolated Output Electrosurgical Unit * Tissue Responses * Complications with Electrosurgery * Muscle Contraction * Anesthesia * Introduction * Anesthesia Machine * Endotracheal Tube * Auxiliary Equipment * Monitoring Equipment * Anesthesia Machine Mishaps * Pulse Oximeter * Impedance Cardiography * Burns from Warming Devices * Fire * Catheter Accidents * Introduction * Intravascular Catheter Incidents * Direct-Current Injury * Introduction * Iontophoresis * Complications with Iontophoresis * Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation * Introduction * Mechanisms of Pain Inhibition * Current-Pulse Characteristics of TENS Units * The Stimulator * Electrode Placement * Electrode Types * Standards of Performance * Complications with Tens Units * Tissue Injury * Introduction * Ischemic Injury * Experiences That May Help Technical Experts * Introduction * The Technical Expert * Attorneys * Discovery * The Report * The Deposition * The Courtroom * Payment for Services.