Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 and GMFM-88) User's Manual

Acknowledgements; Preface; 1. Brief overview of the GMFM: what is the GMFM?; How is the GMFM administered?; Who is the GMFM appropriate for?; How is the GMFM scored?; How long does it take?; Where should it be administered?; What equipment is needed?; What qualifications are required to administer and score the GMFM? 2. Conceptual background: cerebral palsy; Measuring gross motor function: General issues in measurement; Purposes of measures; Characteristics of an evaluative measure; Norm-referenced vs. criterion-referenced tests; Level of measurement: ordinal vs. interval data; Rasch analysis: modifying an ordinal measure to give interval scores; Validation of an evaluative measure; Content validity; Criterion validity; Construct validity; Responsiveness; Reliability; Summary; 3. Development and validity of the GMFM-88: Test construction; Item selection; Item scoring; Validity of the GMFM-88; Content validity; Pre-testing of therapists; The validation study; Validation study sample; Subject sample; Therapist sample; Face validity; Validation of responsiveness; Clinical characteristics of stable and responsive groups; Determining a clinically important change; Reliability; Intra-rater and Inter-rater reliability; Reliability of change; Summary; Training users on the GMFM; How can I assess reliability in the absence of criterion testing?; Who should use the GMFM? 4. Development and validation of the GMFM-66: Rationale for applying Rasch analysis to the GMFM-88; Background to Rasch analysis and item response theory; Determining item difficulty and child ability; Goodness of fit statistics; Available Rasch models; Assumptions of the Rasch model; Unidimensionality; Sample-free and test-free measurement; Application of Rasch analysis to the GMFM; Study sample; Method; Method of scoring; Reliability of the GMFM-66; Reliability of the item calibrations and child ability scores of the GMFM-66; Reliability of item difficulties estimated with different samples (sample-free measurement); Reliability of item difficulties over time (stability); Reliability of child ability scores using different items (Test-free measurement); Validity of the GMFM-66; Construct validity and responsiveness; Responsiveness study sample; Responsiveness analysis; Summary; 5. Administration and scoring guidelines for GMFM-88 and GMFM-66: Overview; Examiner qualifications; Time required; General administration guidelines; Equipment; Environment; Clothing; Testing; Factors that may interfere with the validity of the scores; Specific scoring administration guidelines for children with Cerebral palsy; Scoring single items; Prior to completing a total score; Determining a total score for the GMFM-88; Determining a goal total score(when using the GMFM-88); Determining a total score for the GMFM-66 (for children with cerebral palsy only); Determining summary scores when testing with AIDS/Orthoses; Guidelines for testing with AIDS/Orthoses; Testing with AIDS; Testing with Orthoses; Scoring with AIDS/Orthoses; Determining summary scores when testing with AIDS/Orthoses; Administering and scoring the GMFM-88 with children with Down Syndrome; Examiner qualifications; Time required; General administration guidelines for children with Down Syndrome; Equipment; Environment; Clothing; Testing; Specific scoring administration Guidelines for children with Down Syndrom; Scoring single items; Scoring items automatically; Reported scores; Determining a total score and goal total score; Determining a total reported score; GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 Item scoring guidelines; Lying and rolling; Sitting; Crawling and kneeling; Standing; Walking, Running and jumping; Explanation of terms; 6. Interpretation and uses of the GMFM-88 and GMFM-66: Case scenario of Susie; How to decide whether to use the GMFM-88 Or the GMFM-66?; Interpreting scores from the GMFM-88; Interpreting scores from the