Primary and Revision Total Ankle Replacement

lt;p>Thomas S. Roukis, DPM, PhD, FACFAS, Division of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA

Christopher F. Hyer, DPM, MS, FACFAS, Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Worthington, OH, USA

Gregory C. Berlet, MD, FAOS, FRCS(C), Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Center, Worthington, OH, USA

Christopher Bibbo, DO, DPM, FACS, FAAOS, FACFAS, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, International Center for Limb Lengthening, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA

Murray J. Penner, MD, B.Mech.Eng, FRCSC, Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Part I: Introduction.- History of Total Ankle Replacement in North America.- Total Ankle Replacement Based on Worldwide Registry Data Trends.- Mobile-Bearing versus Fixed-Bearing Total Ankle Replacement.- Total Ankle Replacement versus Ankle Arthrodesis.- Current Indications and Contraindications for Primary Total Ankle Replacement.- A Guide to Surgical Consent for Primary Total Ankle Replacement.- Risk Factors for Failure of Primary Total Ankle Replacement.- Cemented, Biocemented, and Cementless Total Ankle Replacement Fixation Methods.- 3D Orthopedic Pre-operative Surgical Planning for Total Ankle Replacement.- Part II: Primary Total Ankle Replacement.- Cadence Total Ankle Arthroplasty.- INBONE 2 Total Ankle Replacement System Including Prophecy Specific Alignment Guides.- INFINITY® Total Ankle Replacement Including PROPHECY® Patient Specific Alignment Guides.- Vantage Total Ankle Replacement.- Hintermann Series H2 Fixed and H3 Mobile Bearing Total Ankle Replacement Systems.- Salto Talaris Total Ankle System and Salto Talaris XT Primary and Revision Total Ankle System.- STAR Total Ankle Replacement.- The Quantum Total Ankle Prosthesis.- Alignment/Rebalancing Procedures for Total Ankle Replacement.- Ankle Arthrodesis and Malunion Takedown to Total Ankle Replacement.- Part III: Secondary Procedures with Total Ankle Replacement.- Managing Adjacent Joint Arthritis: Indications and Techniques for Concomitant or Staged Fusions of the Hindfoot and Midfoot.- Managing Significant Varus and Valgus Malalignment during Total Ankle Replacement.- Managing Soft-Tissue Ankle Equinus and Anterior/Posterior Translation of the Talus During Total Ankle Replacement.- The Science Behind Periprosthetic Aseptic Osteolysis in Total Ankle Replacement.- Management of Periprosthetic Cystic Changes after Total Ankle Replacement.- Arthroscopic Debridement for Soft-Tissue Impingement after Total Ankle Replacement.- Managing Heterotopic Ossification after Total Ankle Replacement.- Management of Painful Malleolar Gutters after Total Ankle Replacement.- Managing Varus and Valgus Malalignment after Total Ankle Replacement.- The Role of Periarticular Osteotomies in Total Ankle Replacement.- Part IV: Revision Total Ankle Replacement.- Revision of Aseptic Osteolysis with and without Component Subsidence after Total Ankle Replacement.- Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty.- The Salto Talaris XT Revision Total Ankle Replacement System.- Custom Metallic Prostheses after Failed Total Ankle Replacement.- Tibio-talo-calcaneal Arthrodesis after Failed Total Ankle Replacement: Autograft and Bulk Structural Allograft Techniques.- Tibio-talo-calcaneal Arthrodesis after Failed Total Ankle Replacement: Metallic 3D Printed Custom Cages.- Part V: Limb Salvage of Failed Total Ankle Replacement.- Preventative Measures against Wound Healing Complications after Total Ankle Replacement.- Managing Wound-Healing Complications after Total Ankle Replacement.- Alternate Incision Approaches to Revision Total Ankle Replacement.- Management of the Infected Total Ankle Replacement.- Permanent Polymethylmethacrylate Antibiotic Spacer for Definitive Management of Failed Total Ankle Replacements.