Triathlon Medicine

lt;p>Dr Migliorini, educated at the University of Milan, obtained his Sports Medicine degree in Turin in 1986 and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine degree in Milan in 1993. Since then he has worked as a sport medicine physician at the Sport Traumatology Center at the University of Milan and he has focused his practice on the prevention and the treatment of the overuse injuries of runners and triathletes. He currently works in a private practice in Novara and at the Physioclinic Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Center in Milan. Dr Migliorini has been a journalist since 1986 and he is author of a number of articles and books on the prevention and treatment of running injuries; he has been a Runner's World Italy medical contributor since 2008. Dr Migliorini has acted as the national Italian triathlon team physician for 23 years. He has been a member of the ITU (International Triathlon Union) Medical Committee since 1992 and the Chair of the ITU Medical Committee since 2009. Sergio was the ITU Medical Officier at the London OG 2012 and Rio OG 2016 and he will be the ITU Medical Officer also in Tokyo OG 2020. He is also a member of the FIMS (International Federation of Sport Medicine) Interfederal Medical Commission.

An active sportsman, he was a middle distance runner at national level and a triathlete.

ITU Triathlon history.-SECTION I Physiological and epidemiological aspects.-1 Physiological requirements of the different distances of triathlon.-2 Epidemiological aspects of illness and injury.-SECTION II Environmental conditions.-3 Heat related illness.-4 Enviromental conditions: cold.-5 ITU Swimming Competition Rules: general rules, wetsuit use, modifications.-SECTION III  Acute and overuse injuries.-6 Ileotibial band syndrome.-7 Anterior knee pain.-8 Stress fractures.-9 Operative treatment of tendinopathies of Achilles tendon.-SECTION IV Medical Conditions.-10 Airway disfunction in elite athletes.-11 Cardiovascular adaptation in triathletes.-12 The ITU PPE.-13 Endurance anaemia, relevance to triathlon.-14 The youth triathlete.-15 The master triathlete.-16 The female triathlete.-17 The travelling athlete.-18 Nutrition strategies.-SECTION V Training.-19 Quantification of training in triathlon.-20 Scientific based criteria for the talent identification athletes in triathlon.-21 Altitude training and endurance performance.-22 Overtraining syndrome.-SECTION VI  Special Considerations.-23 Triathlon race day medical care.-24 Triathlon marine plan in the Olympics and in  the ITU WTS.-24 ITU water quality statement.-SECTION VII The Paratriathlon.-26 Paratriathlon history.-27 Physiological considerations for paratriathlon training and competition