Medical Terminology

Bonnie F. Fremgen is a former Associate Dean of the Allied Health Program at Robert Morris College. She has taught medical law and ethics courses as well as clinical and administrative topics. In addition, Dr. Fremgen has served as an advisor for students’ career planning. She has broad interests and experiences in the healthcare field, including hospitals, nursing homes, and physicians’ offices. Dr. Fremgen holds a nursing degree as well as a master’s in healthcare administration. She received her PhD from the College of Education at the University of Illinois. Dr. Fremgen has performed postdoctoral studies in Medical Law at Loyola University Law School in Chicago. She has authored five textbooks with Pearson. Suzanne S. Frucht is an Associate Professor Emeritus of Anatomy and Physiology at Northwest Missouri State University (NWMSU). She holds baccalaureate degrees in biological sciences and physical therapy from Indiana University, an MS in biological sciences at NWMSU, and a PhD in molecular biology and biochemistry from the University of Missouri—Kansas City. For 14 years Dr. Frucht worked full time as a physical therapist in various healthcare settings, including acute care hospitals, extended care facilities, and home health. Based on her educational and clinical experience she was invited to teach medical terminology part time in 1988 and became a full-time faculty member three years later as she discovered her love for the challenge of teaching. Dr. Frucht has taught a variety of courses, including medical terminology, human anatomy, human physiology, and animal anatomy and physiology. She received the Governor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching in 2003. After retiring from teaching in 2008, she continues to be active in student learning through teaching medical terminology as an online course and writing medical terminology texts and anatomy and physiology laboratory manuals.

Table of Contents PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Learning Objectives
Medical Terminology at a Glance
Building Medical Terms From Word Parts

Word Roots
Combining Vowel/Form
Prefixes
Suffixes
Word Building
Interpreting Medical Terms


Pronunciation
Spelling
Singular and Plural Endings
Abbreviations
The Medical Record
Healthcare Settings
Confidentiality
Chapter Review

Practice Exercises



PART 2: BODY ORGANIZATION

Learning Objectives
Body Organization at a Glance
Body Organization Illustrated
Levels of Body Organization

Cells
Tissues
Organs and Systems


Body

Body Planes
Body Regions
Body Cavities
Directional and Positional Terms


Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 3: INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Learning Objectives
Integumentary System at a Glance
Integumentary System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Integumentary System

The Skin
Accessory Organs


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Integumentary System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 4: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Learning Objectives

Section I: Skeletal System at a Glance

Skeletal System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Skeletal System

Bones
Skeleton
Joints


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Skeletal System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations

Section II: Muscular System at a Glance

Muscular System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Muscular System

Types of Muscles
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal Muscle Actions


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Muscular System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 5: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Learning Objectives
Cardiovascular System at a Glance
Cardiovascular System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

Heart
Blood Vessels


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Cardiovascular System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 6: BLOOD AND THE LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS

Learning Objectives

Section I: Blood at a Glance

Blood Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of Blood

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Blood Typing


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Blood Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations

Section II: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems at a Glance

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Lymphatic Vessels
Lymph Nodes
Tonsils
Spleen
Thymus Gland
Immunity


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Lymphatic and Immune System Terms


Adjective Form of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 7: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Learning Objectives
Respiratory System at a Glance
Respiratory System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System

Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial Tubes
Lungs
Lung Volumes and Capacities
Respiratory Muscles
Respiratory Rate


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Respiratory System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 8: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Learning Objectives
Digestive System at a Glance
Digestive System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System

Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Accessory Organs of the Digestive System


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Digestive System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 9: URINARY SYSTEM

Learning Objectives
Urinary System at a Glance
Urinary System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Role of Kidneys in Homeostasis
Stages of Urine Production
Urine


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Urinary System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 10: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Learning Objectives

Section I: Female Reproductive System at a Glance

Female Reproductive System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Internal Genitalia

Vulva
Breast
Pregnancy


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Female Reproductive System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pregnancy Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations

Section II: Male Reproductive System at a Glance

Male Reproductive System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System

External Organs of Reproduction
Internal Organs of Reproduction


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Male Reproductive System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 11: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Learning Objectives
Endocrine System at a Glance
Endocrine System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System

Adrenal Glands
Ovaries
Pancreas
Parathyroid Glands
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Testes
Thymus Gland
Thyroid Gland


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Endocrine System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 12: NERVOUS SYSTEM

Learning Objectives
Nervous System at a Glance
Nervous System Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System

Nervous Tissue
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Nervous System Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



PART 13: SPECIAL SENSES: THE EYE AND EAR

Learning Objectives

Section I: The Eye at a Glance

The Eye Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

The Eyeball
Muscles of the Eye
The Eyelids
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal Apparatus
How We See


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Eye Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations

Section II: The Ear at a Glance

The Ear Illustrated
Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear

External Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
How We Hear


Terminology

Word Parts Used to Build Ear Terms


Adjective Forms of Anatomical Terms
Pathology
Diagnostic Procedures
Therapeutic Procedures
Pharmacology
Abbreviations
Chapter Review

Real-World Applications
Practice Exercises
Labeling Exercise



Appendices

Word Parts Arranged Alphabetically and Defined
Word Parts Arranged Alphabetically by Definition
Abbreviations