Time-Out in Child Behavior Management

Corey C. Lieneman, PhD, is a clinical child psychologist and assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Her research and clinical interests lie in disruptive behavior disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and behavioral parent training for young children. She is level one trainer for Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) International. Cheryl B. McNeil, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Florida. She spent the previous 28 years of her career at West Virginia University. Dr. McNeil has coauthored many books, chapters, and over 150 research articles related to the importance of intervening early with young children displaying disruptive behaviors. Dr. McNeil is a global trainer for PCIT International and has disseminated PCIT to agencies and therapists in many states and countries.

1 Description
1.1 History of Time-Out
1.2 Defining Time-Out: Extinction or
Punishment?
2 Review of Time-Out Research
2.1 Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)
2.2 Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
(ASD)
2.3 Children With Intellectual Disability/
Cognitive Delay
2.4 Children With Internalizing Disorders
2.5 Child Trauma
2.6 Changing Caregiver Behavior
2.7 Child Compliance Training
2.8 Long-Term Outcomes of Child Behavior
Management
2.9 Summary
3 Using Time-Out: Developmental Age-
Based Considerations
3.1 Children Younger Than 24 Months
3.2 Children Ages 2-10 Years
3.3 Children Ages 8-10 Years and Older
4 Diversity Issues
4.1 Ethnic, Racial, and National Considerations
4.2 Time-Out in Relation to Other Socioeconomic
Factors
5 Evidence-Based Programs Including
Time-Out
5.1 The Defiant Children Program
5.2 Family Interaction Training Program (FIT)
5.3 The Helping the Noncompliant Child
Program
5.4 The Incredible Years Program
5.5 Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
5.6 The Kazdin Method (Formerly Parent
Management Training)
5.7 Triple P - Positive Parenting Program
5.8 Summer Treatment Program
5.9 Parent Management Training - Oregon /
Generation PMT-O
5.10 Summary
6 Parameters of Time-Out
6.1 Verbalized Reason
6.2 Warning
6.3 Administration
6.4 Location/Type
6.5 Duration
6.6 Schedule
6.7 Release From Time-Out
6.8 Escape
7 Controversial Issues Related to Time-Out
7.1 Behavioral Parenting Approaches
7.2 Punishment
7.3 Controversies Around Time-Out
7.4 Legal Issues
7.5 Ethical Issues
7.6 Conclusion
8 Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
Time-Out as an Exemplar
8.1 Introducing Time-Out
8.2 PDI Teach Session
8.3 First PDI Coaching Session
8.4 Gradual Roll-Out Approach
8.5 Alternatives to Chairs, Back-Up Spaces,
and Carrying Children
8.6 Conclusion
9 Case Vignette
9.1 Case Background
9.2 Treatment Plan and Goals
10 Further Reading
11 References
12 Appendix: Tools and Resources