Minimally Invasive and Robotic-Assisted Surgery in Pediatric Urology

History of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Assisted Surgery in Pediatric urology.- Physiologic Considerations in Laparoscopic Surgery.- Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Surgery.- Relevant Anatomy in MIS.- Basic Instrumentation and Equipment.- Patient Positioning, Trocar Placement, and Initial Access.- Trans Abdominal vs Retroperitoneal Procedures.- Pyeloplasty.- Hemi-nephrectomy.- Nephrectomy.- Ureteral Reimplantation.- Management of Duplication Anomalies.- Urachal Anomalies and Posterior Bladder Surgery.- Continent Catheterizable Channels.- Complex Bladder Reconstruction.- Bladder Augmentation Procedures.- Orchidopexy.- Varicocelectomy.- Fetal Surgery.- Complications in Pediatric Urology MIS.- New Robotic Systems.- Education and Simulation in MIS.- Tips and Tricks. Future Direction and Case Based Discussions.